History GCSE: medicine through time With correct answers

3 reasons why medicine began to change in the 18th/19th centuries? - 1. Decreasing influence of the church scopes trial revolution How did the decreasing influence of the church come about? - Due to intellectual movements such as ENLIGHTENMENT - which promoted the idea that people could think for themselves and that traditional authorities, like the Church, shouldn't control everyday life. Saw SOCIAL ATTITUDES CHANGING and made it fashionable to seek answers to questions about the world; this included disease and illness How did microscopes change medicine? - By 1700, the microscope meant that cloudy images could be seen - what would become known as bacteria. By 1850: microscopes had further improved so that extremely tiny images could be seen clearly. This ability was essential to enabling the scientific breakthroughs in medicine in the 19th century How did the industrial revolution change medicine? - Saw cities growing and more people moved there in search of jobs. New cities weren't planned well so quickly became dirty and disease ridden. Eg, TB, typhus and smallpox were huge killers. Meant more diseases to face and cure How was there continuity of ideas about disease in the 18th century? - Few new ideas about the cause of disease were discovered. Most people still believed in miasma as the cause of disease, though it was a less popular explanation than it was in the Renaissance Though, what new theory was there? - Theory of spontaneous generation - the belief that microbes were the product of decay, rather than the actual cause Who was Louis Pasteur? - A French scientist who observed microbes, using the improvements in microscopes which had much better magnifications What did he discover about the relationship between microbes and decay? - Discovered that decaying matter didn't cause microbes (as the theory of spontaneous generation proposed), but that it was the other way round. When did Pasteur first publish his Germ Theory? What was it largely based on here? - 1861 - largely based on decay in food substances.