National Counselor Examination Study Guide

National Counselor Examination Study Guide Using motivation from 'within' is known as ______________ A. Inside motivation B. Interior motivation C. Intrinsic motivation D. Idealistic motivation - C. Intrinsic motivation Which of the following is not an example of extrinsic motivation? A. Employee performance improves when wages are increased B. A sleep apnea patient follows a strict sleep hygiene plan C. Children finish a task more quickly if they are promised candy D. A student studies more on a test to make the highest grade in the class - B. A sleep apnea patient follows a strict sleep hygiene plan Which of the following socioeconomic factor could affect the outcome of therapeutic counseling? Choose all that apply. A. Lack of transportation B. Lack of intrinsic motivation C. Lack of positive cultural norms for entering therapy D. None of the above - A. Lack of transportation C. Lack of positive cultural norms for entering therapy What is the meaning of transference/countertransference relationships? Choose all that apply. A. A client transferring their relationship with another onto the therapist B. The therapist transferring their relationship with another onto the client C. Transferring the blame or outcome of behavior onto someone else D. None of the above - A. A client transferring their relationship with another onto the therapist B. The therapist transferring their relationship with another onto the client What is one instance that might cause a clinician to break the strong code of client confidentiality? A. Feeling the need to talk B. Duty to warn C. When the therapist is going on vacation D. All of the above - B. Duty to warn Behavior Theory - comes from the idea that all behaviors are learned and acquired through a process known as conditioning What theory is most often associated with the psychologists B.F. Skinner and John B. Watson? - behavior theory Behavior Therapy - concentrates on the observable behaviors of a person or group, and dismisses internal mental states Key components of Behavior theory: - conditioning, reinforcement, and punishment What does behavioral theory NOT take into count? - the concepts of emotion or even the unconscious or subconscious, as these states are subjective rather than objective Behaviorists believe that all behavior can be what? - Trained Classical Conditioning - a process in which a subject comes to respond to a stimulus that was previously considered neutral, continued exposure to the stimulus will elicit a desired response Operant Conditioning - a process in which a subject engages in the correct behavior through the use of both rewards and punishments for a response. The subject learns to associate the behavior with the outcome