Cell Biology 2131: Chapter 1 - Introduction to Cell Biology (Karp 8e)

Cell Biology 2131: Chapter 1 - Introduction to Cell Biology (Karp 8e) Why is cell biology "reductionist"? - studying the parts of the whole cell can explain the character of the whole Most enzymes are what kind of macromolecule? - protein Biologists are very aware or interested in what kind of relationships? - Structure-function relationships one of the first major figures in understanding the genetic code (understood it was a triplet nucleotide sequence) - Francis Crick The discovery of cells followed from the invention of the __________ by ______________, and its refinement by ____________, who saw the first living cell . - microscope (you can't study cells unless you can see them!) Robert Hooke Anton Leewenhoek micron (u) = - 1x10^-6m a compound microscope uses two types of light sources: - objective lenses (4x, 10x, 40x, etc) eye piece/oculars (10x magnification) total magnification of a microscope equals what? - product of objective & eye piece magnifications Cell theory was articulated in the mid-1800s by _________ ,___________&___________. - Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow - SCHLE & SCHWAN - first two tenets of cells theory What is the Cell Theory? - 1) All organisms are composed or one or more cell. 2) The cell is the structural unit of life. 3) Cells arise from pre-existing cells by division. most basic property of cells - to be a cell, or to be alive, you must have cells - cells = life type of cell that you can maintain more or less indefinitely - cell line you can grow them indefinitely due to the way they've been modified Cells can grow and reproduce in vitro for extended periods, which means ... - within glass ; culture Cultured cells are an essential tool for cell biologists cultured tumor cells isolated from a cancer patient (_) by _ & _ - HeLa cells: (Henrietta Lacks, had cervical cancer) by George & Marth Gey in 1951 A carcinoma, cancer cells of a epithelial origin Cells from different species share similar _,_&_ that have been conserved throughout evolution. - structure, composition and metabolic features The word "conserved" tends to mean that these features are the same in eukaryotes & prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells have a _, while prokaryotes (pretty much any bacteria, including E. coli) lack them - defined nucleus as well as membraneous structures called organelles Eukaryotes are also generally much bigger (~10-1000x) Mitochondria can't do what they need to do without the cell having all the components it needs for _ - energy metabolism the set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. - cellular respiration - can occur aerobically or anaerobically