UNIT 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING TEST REVIEWS

UNIT 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING TEST REVIEWS The profession of nursing is - CORRECT ANSWER-an art and a science ANA Definition of Nursing - CORRECT ANSWER-Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems Florence Nightingale's contributions to nursing - CORRECT ANSWER--needs of patient -standards of hospital management -respectful occupation for women -health and illness -nursing separate and distinct from medicine Goals of Nursing - CORRECT ANSWER--promote health -prevent illness -restore healthy living -facilitate coping with disability or death Health - CORRECT ANSWER-state of optimal functioning or well being Health is subjective - CORRECT ANSWER--one may be diagnosed with a clinical disease but still consider themselves to be a healthy individual Wellness - CORRECT ANSWER--associated with health -an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, emotional and spiritual health Healthy people 2020 - CORRECT ANSWER--the ability of patients to obtain, process, and understand the basic information needed to make appropriate decisions about their health -establishes health promotion guidelines for the nation Healthy People 2020 goals: - CORRECT ANSWER--attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death -achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups -create social and physical environments that promote good health for all -promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all live stages Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER-anticipatory action taken to prevent the occurrence of an event or to minimize its effects after it has occured Preventing Ilness - CORRECT ANSWER--reduce risk for illness -promote good health habits -maintain optimal functioning Restoring health - CORRECT ANSWER--performing assessments that detect an illness -referring questions and abnormal findings to other health care providers -providing direct care to the person who is ill -collaborating with other health care providers -assisting with the rehab process -working with mental health and chemical dependency Nursing as a profession - CORRECT ANSWER--uses an organized body of knowledge -generated from research and theory (provides rational for our nursing intervention actions) Nursing Theory - CORRECT ANSWER--composed of a group of concepts that describe a pattern of reality -statement that explains or characterizes a process, occurrence, or an event that is based on observed facts -arrange a group of related statements or concepts that give meaning to a series of events Deductive reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER--one examines a general idea then considers specific actions or ideas -BIG idea broken down into small ones Inductive reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER--one builds from specific ideas or actions to come to a conclusion about general ideas -SMALL ideas come together to form a BIG picture Nursing Theories are developed to: - CORRECT ANSWER--describe -explain -predict -control *the desired outcomes of nursing care Knowledge - CORRECT ANSWER-an awareness of the reality one acquires through learning or investigation 3 types of knowledge - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Traditional 2. Authoritative 3. Scientific Traditional knowledge: - CORRECT ANSWER--part of nursing practice that has been passed down from generation to generation -"we've always done it this way" Authoritative knowledge: - CORRECT ANSWER--comes from experts and is accepted as truth based on the persons' perceived expertice Scientific knowledge: - CORRECT ANSWER--knowledge obtained through the scientific method (research) Maslow - CORRECT ANSWER--developed the theory of basic human needs -physical and psychological needs considered essential to human life Human needs - CORRECT ANSWER--influenced and responsive to both internal and external enviornments -holistic nursing care provides individualized and health-orientated care Maslow's Hierarchy of needs: - CORRECT ANSWERWatson - CORRECT ANSWER--nursing is concerned with promoting and restoring health, preventing illness and caring for the sick -holistic care: promote humanism, health, and quality of living -caring is universal and is practiced through interpersonal relationships General Systems Theory - CORRECT ANSWER--whole is greater than the sum of its parts -systems are interrelated and changing one thing in a subsystem can change the entirety of a system -boundaries separate systems from each other and their environments -systems communicate through means of inputs and outputs -closed and open systems -to survive open systems maintain balance through feedback Adaptation Theory - CORRECT ANSWER--adaptation: adjustment of living matter to other living things and to environmental conditions -continual process that effects change and involves interaction and response -Human adaptation has 3 levels: internal, social, and physical Developmental Thoery - CORRECT ANSWER--outlines the process of growth and development of humans as orderly and predictable, beginning with conception and ending with death -defined stages; the process and behaviors of an individual within each stage are unique Hildegard Peplau - CORRECT ANSWER--nursing is therapeutic, interpersonal and goal orientated -nursing interventions are directed towards the developing the patient's personality for a productive personal and community living