NSG 357 Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers

NSG 357 Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers Mental Health - Answer-the successful adaptation to stressors from the internal and external environment; evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are age appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms Mental Disorder - Answer-A health condition characterized by a significant dysfunction in an individual's cognitions, emotions or behaviors that reflect a disturbance in the psychological, biological, or developmental practices underlying mental functioning Cultural Aspect of Mental Health Illness - Answer--1 in 5 Americans experience mental health issues in their lifetime -18.6% of all americans experience any types of mental health issues -More females than males experience mental health issues -American Indians and Alaska Natives experience more mental health issues than any other race (alcoholism and abuse) -21% in adulthood and children-->annual prevalence of mental disorders -Minorities have greater disabilities bc they receive less care, poorer care -living in poverty=more likely to have mental illness Worldwide Major Mental Disorders - Answer--schizophrenia -depression -bipolar disorder -panic disorder Maslow's hierarchy of needs - Answer-Bottom to Top 1. physiological needs: most basic needs for survival (food, water, etc) 2. Safety and Security: not as demanding as the physiological needs. (Examples of security needs include a desire for steady employment, health care, safe neighborhoods, and shelter from the environment.) 3. Social Needs: need for belonging, love, and affection (Relationships such as friendships, romantic attachments, and families help fulfill this need for companionship and acceptance, as does involvement in social, community, or religious groups.) 4. Esteem Needs: need for things that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition, and accomplishment. 5. Self-Actualizing Needs: Highest level. Self-actualizing people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others, and interested fulfilling their potential. Hans Seyle's Physical Response to stress - Answer-General adaptation syndrome: fight or flight 1. alarm reaction stage--fight or flight 2. Stage of resistance--attempt to adapt to stressors 3. The stage of exhaustion- there is prolonged exposure to stress, adaptation no longer possible. Diseases of adaptation occur ( headaches, coronary artery disease, ulcers, colitis) Anxiety - Answer-a diffuse apprehension that is vague in nature and is associated with feelings of uncertainty and helplessness Peplau's 4 levels of anxiety - Answer-1. Mild--tension experienced in response to the events of day-to-day living 2. Moderate--less alert to events occurring within environment. Decreased attention span, may still attend to needs with assistance. Increased muscular tension and restlessness 3. Severe--Start to feel physical symptoms (headaches, palpitations, insomnia, etc) Emotional (confusion, dread, horror, etc) 4. Panic--unable to focus on even one detail in environment. May experience hallucinations or delusions. Feeling of terror, individual may be convinced that they have a life-threatening illness or fear that they are "going crazy" are losing control, or are emotionally weak. If prolonged, can lead to exhaustion and can be life threatening. Anna Freud's Ego Defense Mechanisms - Answer-Compensation Denial Displacement Rationalization Reaction Formation Regression Identification Repression Intellectualization Isolation Projection Sublimation Suppression Undoing Compensation - Answer-Covering up a real or perceived weakness by emphasizing a trait one considers more desirable ex. A physically handicapped boy is unable to participate in football, so he compensated by becoming a great scholar Denial - Answer-Refusing to acknowledge the existence of a real situation or the feelings associated with it ex. a woman drinks alcohol every day and can't stop, fails to acknowledge her problem Displacement - Answer-The transfer of feelings from one target to another that is considered less threatening or that is neutral