NR599 Informatics Final Exam

Ethical Decision Making - -when making choices about ethical issues based on the standards of right vs wrong -It requires a systematic framework for addressing the complex and often controversial moral questions Bioethical Standards - -The study of healthcare ethics Telehealth - -Wide range of health services that are delivered by telecommunications that are delivered by telecommunications -Is needed to help fill the nursing shortage allowing nursing to see more patients quicker -used to deliver health-related services or to connect patients and healthcare providers to maximize patients health status -a newer term referring to a wide range of health services delivered through telecommunications Medical Applications - -Software developed for medical purposes, including home medical monitoring system, medical databases, etc. Medical Devices - any device inteded to be used for medical purposes Privacy - -an important issue related to personal information -restricted access of patient information or data Confidentiality - -to ensure all personal information is protected by ensuring that limited access is only given to those who are authorized to view that information Cybersecurity - - the state of being protected against the criminal or unauthorized use of electronic data -growth of importance of cybersecurity as technology continues to grow Computer aided translators - -a form of language translation in which a human translator uses computer hardware to support and facilitate the translation process HIPPA - -established in US in 1996 to protect individual health information -all healthcare institutions are required to follow standards and comply with security measures to safeguard information 4 Parts of HIPPA - 1. Electronic transactions and code sets standard requirements 2. Privacy requirements 3. Security requirements 4. National identifier requirements ICD-10 Coding - -an alphanumeric code used by doctors, health insurances companies, and public health agencies to represent diagnosis -this system offers accurate up to date procedure codes to improve the health care cost and ensure fair reimbursement policies -ICD and CPT codes are similar in their goals and purposes Evaluation and management coding - -a medical coding process in support of medical billing -practicing providers must use EM coding to be reimbursed by medicare, medicaid, or private insurance Reimbursement coding - - based on claims and documentation filed by providers using medical diagnosis and procedure codes -Commercial payers must use standards defined by the US department of Health and Human services, also regulated by the state level Clinical Support Tools - -designed to help sift through enormous amounts of digital data to suggest next steps for treatments, alert providers to available information they may not have seen, or catch potential problems, such as dangerous medication interactions - i.e. Clinical decision support tools, other applications, or tools to benefit patient outcomes Workflow analysis - -a required part of clinical implementations for safe patient care fostered by technology -the goal is to create a future-state solution that maximizes the use of technology and eliminates low-value activities -working towards high-level optimization FDA oversight - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a division of USDHHS, is responsible for regulating medical devices to ensure public safety. In 2015, the FDA released a guidance document for manufacturers, developers, and FDA staff related to mobile medical applications. At the current time, the most common types of these applications, or apps, are not regulated by the FDA because they are not defined as medical devices. An app is defined as a medical device and may be subject to regulation by the FDA if "the intended use of a mobile app is for the diagnosis of a disease or other conditions, or the cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or if it is intended to affect the structure or function of the body of man" (FDA, 2015, p. 8). The guidance document also provides a list of examples of apps that are not currently viewed as medical devices, such as apps that help users organize personal medical data, track fitness, or self-manage a disease. If, however, the mobile app is an accessory to a regulated medical device, then it is also considered a medical device and is subject to FDA oversight. We need to be aware that as these mobile apps become more sophisticated in the future, they may indeed be subject to more stringent oversight by the FDA to ensure consumer safety.