APES VOCAB LATEST 2023 100% CORRECT

APES VOCAB LATEST 2023 100% CORRECT environment the circumstances or conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms as well as the complex of social or cultural conditions that affect an individual or community environmental science the systematic, scientific study of our environment as well as our role in it utilitarian conservation a philosophy that resources should be used for the greatest good for the greatest number for the longest time biocentric preservation a philosophy that emphasizes the fundamental right of living organisms to exist and to pursue their own goods environmentalism active participation in attempt to solve environmental pollution and resource problems global environmentalism a concern for, and action to help solve, global environmental problems human developement index (HDI) a measure of quality of life expectancy, child survival, adult literacy, childhood education, gender equality, and access to clean water and sanitation as well as income sustainable development a real increase in well-being and standard of life for the average person that can be maintained over the long-term without degrading teh environment or compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs stewardship a philosophy that holds that humans have a unique responsibility to manage, care for, and improve nature ecological footprint a measure that computes the demands placed on nature by individuals and nations environmental justice a recognition that access to a clean, healthy environment is a fundamental right of all human beings environmental realism the idea that we can understand 'nature' objectively, 'as it really is' and imposing restrictions on development out of respect for the boundaries and limits of ecological sustainability conservation consideration of landscape, human culture, topography, and ecological values preservation to keep safe from harm or injury, protect or spare ecology the branch of biology dealing with the relations and interactions between organisms and their environment extreme poverty living on less than $1(U.S.) per day environmental ethics a search for moral values and ethical principles in human relations with the natural world controlled studies those in which comparisons are made between experimental and control populations that are identical in every factor except the one factor being studied deductive reasoning deriving testable predictions about specific cases from general principles inductive reasoning inferring general principles from specific examples independent variable a variable whose value determines the value of other variables dependent variable a variable whose value is determined by the value of an independent variable carbon sink places of carbon accumulation, causes carbon to be removed from the carbon cycle for a long time cellular respiration the process in which a cell breaks down sugar or other organic compounds to release energy used for cellular work conservation of matter matter changes form in a chemical reaction, but is never created nor destroyed first law of thermodynamics the fundamental principle of physics that the total energy of an isolated system is constant despite internal changes, energy is conserved and is neither created nor destroyed under normal conditions photosynthesis the biochemical process by which green plants and some bacteria capture light energy and use it to produce chemical bonds, carbon dioxide and water are consumed while oxygen and simple sugars are produced second law of thermodynamics a law stating that mechanical work can be derived from a body only when that body interacts with another at a lower temperature, with each successive energy transfer or transformation in a system, less energy is available to do work trophic level step in the movement of energy through an ecosystem; an organism's feeding level commensalism a symbiotic relationship in which one member is benefited and the second is neither harmed nor benefited diversity the number of species present in a community as well as the relative abundance of each species abundance the number or amount of something ecological niche the functional role and position of a species within a community or ecosystem including what resources it uses, how and when it uses the resources, and how it interacts with other populations edge effects a change in species composition, physical conditions, or other ecological factors at the boundary between two ecosystems environmental indicators organisms or physical factors that serve as a gauge for environmental changes interspecific competition competition for resources among members of different species in a community intraspecific competition competition for resources among members of the same species in a community keystone species a species whose impact on its community