Life: The Science of Biology, Ninth Edition Sadava • Hillis • Heller • Berenbaum CH 22 Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

1. Which of the following properties of HIV makes it difficult to trace the source of the virus from one person to the next? a. The transmission of the virus involves very few (often just one) viral particles. b. HIV evolves very slowly within the host. c. The host can have a genetically diverse population of viruses. d. Molecular phylogenies of viruses cannot be constructed. e. None of the above Answer: c Textbook Reference: 22.0 Phylogenetic trees in the courtroom Page: 464 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 2. What accounts for HIV’s rapid rate of evolution? a. Its poor repair system causes it to have a high mutation rate. b. It is subject to strong stabilizing selection. c. Many viral particles are transmitted upon each infection. d. Both b and c e. None of the above Answer: a Textbook Reference: 22.0 Phylogenetic trees in the courtroom Page: 464 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 3. The evolutionary relationship among organisms is known as a. taxonomy. b. phylogeny. c. paraphyly. d. synapomorphy. e. homoplasy. Answer: b Textbook Reference: 22.1 What Is Phylogeny? Page: 465 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 4. The wasp genus Nasonia contains all of the descendants of the common ancestor of its members. This genus therefore would be called a. a synapomorphy. b. a polyphyly. c. a clade. d. parsimonious. e. self-compatible. Answer: c Textbook Reference: 22.1 What Is Phylogeny? Page: 465–466 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 5. Drosophila yakuba and D. santomea are each other’s closest relatives. Therefore, they are considered species. a. rooted b. parapyletic c. homologous d. daughter e. sister Answer: e Textbook Reference: 22.1 What Is Phylogeny? Page: 466 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 6. The study of biodiversity is called a. homology. b. homoplasy. c. systematics. d. phylogeny. e. synapomorphy. Answer: c Textbook Reference: 22.1 What Is Phylogeny? Page: 466 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 7. The common ancestor of all of the species displayed in a phylogenetic tree lies at the of the tree. a. node b. root c. tip d. taxon e. None of the above Answer: b Textbook Reference: 22.1 What Is Phylogeny? Page: 466 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 8. Which of the following is formed when two branches diverge from one another in a phylogenetic tree? a. A population b. A lineage c. A node d. All of the above e. None of the above Answer: c Textbook Reference: 22.1 What Is Phylogeny? Page: 466 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 9. Which of the following statements is true? a. Most of the species of animals and plants on Earth have been formally described. b. New species are continually being discovered. c. Our knowledge of the “Tree of Life” is nearing completion. d. There are about one million species living on Earth. e. None of the above Answer: b Textbook Reference: 22.1 What Is Phylogeny? Page: 466–467 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 10. Which of the following can never be homologous features? a. DNA sequences b. Anatomical structures c. Inherited behavioral patterns d. Secondary structures of proteins e. All of the above have the potential to be homologous features. Answer: e Textbook Reference: 22.1 What Is Phylogeny? Page: 467 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering