Life: The Science of Biology, Ninth Edition Sadava • Hillis • Heller • Berenbaum CH 8 Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

1. Lactose intolerance is due to the a. inability to hydrolyze polysaccharides. b. body’s ability to digest lactose but inability to absorb the resulting products. c. gaseous side products produced in the small intestine. d. inability to produce the enzyme lactase. e. inability to oxidate luciferase. Answer: d Textbook Reference: 8.0 Lactase deficiency, p. 148 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 2. Water held back by a dam represents what kind of energy? a. Hydroelectric b. Irrigation c. Potential d. Kinetic e. At times, all of the above Answer: c Textbook Reference: 8.1 What Physical Principles Underlie Biological Energy Transformations? p. 149 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 3. Which of the following represents potential energy? a. Chemical bonds b. Concentration gradient c. Electric charge imbalance d. Both a and b e. All of the above Answer: e Textbook Reference: 8.1 What Physical Principles Underlie Biological Energy Transformations? p. 149 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 4. What can never be created or destroyed? a. Entropy b. Energy c. Free energy only d. Thermal energy only e. Potential energy only Answer: b Textbook Reference: 8.1 What Physical Principles Underlie Biological Energy Transformations? pp. 149–150 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 5. The sum total of all the chemical reactions in a living structure is called its a. energetics. b. activity. c. digestive power. d. entropy. e. metabolism. Answer: e Textbook Reference: 8.1 What Physical Principles Underlie Biological Energy Transformations? p. 150 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 6. How does the second law of thermodynamics apply to organisms? a. As energy transformations occur, free energy increases and unusable energy decreases. b. To maintain order, life requires a constant input of energy. c. The potential energy of ATP is converted to kinetic energy such as muscle contractions. d. Reactions occur only with an input of energy. e. It does not apply to organisms; the complexity of organisms contradicts the second law. Answer: b Textbook Reference: 8.1 What Physical Principles Underlie Biological Energy Transformations? p. 150 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 7. During photosynthesis, plants use light energy to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide. However, plants do not use up energy during photosynthesis; they merely convert it from light energy to chemical energy. This process is an illustration of a. increasing entropy. b. chemical equilibrium. c. the first law of thermodynamics. d. the second law of thermodynamics. e. a spontaneous reaction. Answer: c Textbook Reference: 8.1 What Physical Principles Underlie Biological Energy Transformations? p. 150 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 8. The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy in the universe is a. decreasing. b. increasing. c. constant. d. being converted to free energy. e. being converted to matter. Answer: c Textbook Reference: 8.1 What Physical Principles Underlie Biological Energy Transformations? p. 150 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 9. In any system, the total energy includes usable and unusable energy. The unusable energy is a measure of the disorder of the system and is referred to as a. free energy. b. entropy. c. enthalpy. d. thermodynamics. e. equilibrium. Answer: b Textbook Reference: 8.1 What Physical Principles Underlie Biological Energy Transformations? p. 150 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 10. A change in free energy is related to a change in a. temperature. b. entropy. c. pressure. d. Both a and b e. All of the above Answer: d Textbook Reference: 8.1 What Physical Principles Underlie Biological Energy Transformations? p. 151 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding