NURSING, INFECTION, SAFETY, & HYGIENE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Nursing Autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Safety Freedom from danger, injury, or risk. Brainpower Read More 0:07 / 0:15 Steps for Making an Occupied Bed 1.Perform hand hygiene and don gloves. 2.Adjust bed to a comfortable height for yourself (and a colleague if needed). 3.Roll dirty sheets under patient, and then, replace with new linen. 4.Replace clean top sheet and blanket. 5.Dispose of dirty linen into laundry cart and perform hand hygiene. Purposes of Bathing 1. Decreases infection and disease 2. Improves self image 3. Promotes comfort 4. Selfcare with ADL 5. Provide assistance with ADL 6. Assesses self-care ability 7. Skin assessment Health state of optimal functioning Qualities of a Nurse Caring Thinking and doing compassion Health Promotion Process of giving highest state of well being to recipient of activities. Physiologic Hazards Associated with Restraints -Anxiety. -Aspiration. -Contractures. -Death. -Delirium. -Depression. -Falls. -Incontinence. -Injuries. -Respiratory difficulty/strangulation. -Skin breakdown. Body mechanics Correction and prevention of problems associated with posture [i.e. prevention of back injuries]. Using the safest and most efficient methods to left and move patients or heavy objects. What are the principles of body mechanics? 1. Balance 2. Body alignment 3. Coordination 4. Joint mobility What are factors causing back injuries in Health Care workers? -Lifting when fatigued or recovering from back injury -uncoordinated lifts -Standing for long periods of time -Transfer of patients without the assistance devices Illness Prevention Avoidance of disease and infection (immune health) Health Restoration Activities that foster a return to health for those already ill End-Of-Life Care Provide and maintain quality of life, comfort, culturally What are Nursing's Aims? Health Promotion Illness Prevention Health Restoration End-of-life Care (and Facilitate coping with death Facilitate coping with disability) Incubation Period Organisms growing and multiplying (no symptoms) Prodromal Period Most infectious; vague signs of disease Full Stage of Illness Presence of specific signs and symptoms of disease. Convalescent Period recovery from the infection (not contagious) Order of Donning PPE Wash Hands Gown Mask Face Sheild/Goggles Gloves Order of Doffing PPE Gloves Gown Face Sheild/Goggles Mask Wash Hands Infectious Agents An organism having the ability to cause diseases (bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites) Source/Reservoir Where pathogens thrive and reproduce (tabletops, doorknobs, people, animals/insects, or food/water) Portal of exit How the pathogen leaves the reservoir (sneezes, coughs, GI tract, GU tract, blood, Skin/mucosal surfaces) Mode of Transmission How pathogens are carried from one place to another (airborne route, direct contact, indirect contact, vector-borne, vehicle, droplet) Portal of Entry Point at which organisms enter a new host (breaks in the skin, GI tract, GU tract, respiratory tract, Mucous membranes) Susceptible Host Must overcome resistance mounted by host's defenses; a person who can not defend against pathogens (elderly or burn patients; immunosuppressed, trauma, surgery, chronically ill) Localized Infection an infection that occurs in a limited region in the body [i.e. cellulitis (skin infection) or urinary tract infection (UTI)]. Systemic Infection An infection spread via blood or lymph, which affects many regions [i.e. sepsis (clinical name for blood poisoning by bacteria)]. Acute infection Comes on rapidly, with short-lived effects [i.e. common cold]. Chronic Infection Slow development, long duration [i.e. osteomyelitis (bone infection)]. Latent Infection Infection present with no discernible symptoms [i.e. HIV/AIDS].