FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING CH. 28 - INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL-70 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

If an infectious disease can be transmitted directly from one person to another, it is a: A) Susceptible host. B) Communicable disease. C) Port of entry to a host. D) Port of exit from the reservoir. Communicable disease. Which is the most likely means of transmitting infection between patients? A) Exposure to another patient's cough B) Sharing equipment among patients C) Disposing of soiled linen in a shared linen bag D) Contact with a health care worker's hands Contact with a health care worker's hands Brainpower Read More 0:05 / 0:15 Identify the interval when a patient progresses from nonspecific signs to manifesting signs and symptoms specific to a type of infection. A) Illness stage B) Convalescence C) Prodromal stage D) Incubation period Prodromal stage Which of the following is the most effective way to break the chain of infection? A) Hand hygiene B) Wearing gloves C) Placing patients in isolation D) Providing private rooms for patients Hand hygiene A family member is providing care to a loved one who has an infected leg wound. What would you instruct the family member to do after providing care and handling contaminated equipment or organic material? A) Wear gloves before eating or handling food. B) Place any soiled materials into a bag and double bag it. C) Have the family member check with the doctor about need for immunization. D) Perform hand hygiene after care and/or handling contaminated equipment or material. Perform hand hygiene after care and/or handling contaminated equipment or material. A patient is isolated for pulmonary tuberculosis. The nurse notes that the patient seems to be angry, but he knows that this is a normal response to isolation. Which is the best intervention? A) Provide a dark, quiet room to calm the patient. B) Reduce the level of precautions to keep the patient from becoming angry. C) Explain the reasons for isolation procedures and provide meaningful stimulation. D) Limit family and other caregiver visits to reduce the risk of spreading the infection. Explain the reasons for isolation procedures and provide meaningful stimulation. The nurse wears a gown when: A) The patient's hygiene is poor. B) The nurse is assisting with medication administration. C) The patient has acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or hepatitis. D) Blood or body fluids may get on the nurse's clothing from a task that he or she plans to perform. Blood or body fluids may get on the nurse's clothing from a task that he or she plans to perform. The nurse has redressed a patient's wound and now plans to administer a medication to the patient. Which is the correct infection control procedure? A) Leave the gloves on to administer the medication. B) Remove gloves and administer the medication. C) Remove gloves and perform hand hygiene before administering the medication. D) Leave the medication on the bedside table to avoid having to remove gloves before leaving the patient's room. Remove gloves and perform hand hygiene before administering the medication. When a nurse is performing surgical hand asepsis, the nurse must keep hands: A) Below elbows. B) Above elbows. C) At a 45-degree angle. D) In a comfortable position. Above elbows. What is the best method to sterilize a straight urinary catheter and suction tube in the home setting? A) Use an autoclave. B) Use boiling water. C) Use ethylene oxide gas. D) Use chemicals for disinfection. Use boiling water. A patient has an indwelling urinary catheter. Why does an indwelling urinary catheter present a risk for urinary tract infection? A) It keeps an incontinent patient's skin dry. B) It can get caught in the linens or equipment. C) It obstructs the normal flushing action of urine flow. D) It allows the patient to remain hydrated without having to urinate. It obstructs the normal flushing action of urine flow. Put the following steps for removal of protective barriers after leaving an isolation room in order: A) Untie top, then bottom mask strings and remove from face. B) Untie waist and neck strings of gown. Allow gown to fall from shoulders and discard. Remove gown, rolling it onto itself without touching the contaminated side. C) Remove gloves. D) Remove eyewear or goggles. E) Perform hand hygiene. Remove gloves. Remove eyewear or goggles. Untie waist and neck strings of gown. Allow gown to fall from shoulders and discard. Remove gown, rolling it onto itself without touching the contaminated side. Untie top, then bottom mask strings and remove from face. Perform hand hygiene. Your ungloved hands come in contact with the drainage from your patient's wound. What is the correct method to clean your hands? A) Wash them with soap and water. B) Use an alcohol-based hand cleaner. C) Rinse them and use the alcohol-based hand cleaner. D) Wipe them with a paper towel. Wash them with soap and water. A patient's surgical wound has become swollen, red, and tender. You note that the patient has a new fever and leukocytosis. What is the best immediate intervention? A) Notify the health care provider and use surgical technique to change the dressing. B) Reassure the patient and recheck the wound later. C) Notify the health care provider and support the patient's fluid and nutritional needs. D) Alert the patient and caregivers to the presence of an infection to ensure care after discharge. Notify the health care provider and support the patient's fluid and nutritional needs. While preparing to do a sterile dressing change, a nurse accidentally sneezes over the sterile field that is on the over-the-bed table. Which of the following principles of surgical asepsis, if any, has the nurse violated? A) When a sterile field comes in contact with a wet surface, the sterile field is contaminated by capillary action. B) Fluid flows in the direction of gravity. C) A sterile field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air. D) None of the principles were violated. A sterile field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air. Infection the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms, resulting in disease. Colonization the presence and growth of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage Carrier shows no symptoms of illness but has pathogens on or in their body that can be transferred to others Communicable disease an infectious disease that is transmitted directly from one person to another Symptomatic infections the pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms Asymptomatic infections clinical signs and symptoms are not present Chain of infection An infectious agent or pathogen A reservoir or source for pathogen growth A port of exit from the reservoir A mode of transmission A port of entry to a host A susceptible host Virulence ability to produce disease Reservoir place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to a susceptible host Bacteriostasis prevent growth and reproduction of bacteria Bactercidal A temperature or chemical that destroys bacteria What are some examples of port of entry/exit? blood, skin, respiratory tract, GI tract, feces, draining wounds, transplacental, and reproductive tract Modes of transmission Contact, air, vehicles, vectors Contact mode of transmission Direct (person to person) & indirect (person to inanimate objects) Air mode of transmission Airborne (Droplet nuclei or residue or evaporated droplets suspended in air during coughing or sneezing or carried on dust particles ) Droplet (Large particles that travel up to 3 feet during coughing, sneezing, or talking and come in contact with susceptible host)