NLN PAX EXAM SCIENCE with complete solutions 100% correct Graded A+

NLN PAX EXAM SCIENCE with complete solutions 100% correct Graded A+ Law of Conservation of Mass - ANSWER Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change E= mc^2 - ANSWER Energy (e)= mass(m) x speed of light (c) -basis is the law of conservation of mass and energy significant figures (sig figs) - ANSWER all the digits that are known in a measurement, plus the last digit that is estimated Kelvin scale - ANSWER theoretical temperature that is the lowest called absolute zero absolute zero - ANSWER The temperature at which no more energy can be removed from matter What is absolute zero on the Celsius scale? - ANSWER -273.150 degrees C When making use of the system of scientific notation in expressing large numbers, you need to. . . - ANSWER shift the decimal point until you have just 2 digits on the left and then show the number of decimal points moves as the exponent of 10 precision - ANSWER a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another; indication of the realism or possibility of a given measurement accuracy - ANSWER gives an indication of the proximity of a measurement to its known or accepted value Law of Conservation of Energy - ANSWER Energy cannot be created or destroyed but can only be changed from one form to another chemical change - ANSWER a process that transforms one set of chemical substances to another reactants - ANSWER A starting material in a chemical reaction products - ANSWER The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction. anabolism - ANSWER Constructive metabolism; the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones. Catabolism - ANSWER Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy. catalyst - ANSWER a chemical involved in, but not changed by, a chemical reaction by which chemical bonds are weakened and reactions accelerated. -speeds up What is most abundant element in Earth's crust? - ANSWER Oxygen law of definite proportions - ANSWER the elements that make up a single chemical compound have weight proportions that are fixed and constant Pauli Exclusion Principle - ANSWER in any particular molecule, two electrons CANNOT have a different four-quantum-number set Atomic theory - ANSWER a theory that states that all matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms. An element's atoms. . . - ANSWER are similar in weight, and the weight depends on the type of atom atoms of various elements. . . - ANSWER combine in ratios of whole numbers that are simple to form chemical compounds Atoms are made up of - ANSWER protons and neutrons within a central or main nucleus that electrons surround What makes up the nucleus - ANSWER protons and neutrons Electrons - ANSWER they exist within levels of energy that are fixed around the atoms nucleus Newton's First Law - ANSWER An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Newton's Second Law - ANSWER Force = mass x acceleration Newton's Third Law - ANSWER For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction electric potential - ANSWER basic interaction that takes place between a given magnetic field and the existence of an electric charge plus its motion Ohm's Law - ANSWER V=IR Any conductor restricting electron flow internally has the property of. . . - ANSWER resistance Friction - ANSWER A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact kinetic energy - ANSWER energy of motion potential energy - ANSWER stored energy 4 basic forces in nature - ANSWER gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear forces 4 Basic forces in nature, in order from strong to weak - ANSWER strong nuclear force electromagnetic force weak nuclear force gravity strong nuclear force - ANSWER the powerful attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus weak nuclear force - ANSWER plays a role in the radioactive beta decay of some nuclei Law of Conservation of Mass states - ANSWER as chemical reactions take place, there is no gain or loss that one can detect convection - ANSWER The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid thermal radiation - ANSWER electromagnetic waves produced by objects because of their temperature Non-metal that will stay in its fluid state when exposed to room temperature - ANSWER Bromine Central metal of chlorophyll as a nature chelate compound - ANSWER Magnesium Metal that when combined with other types of metals will form an amalgam - ANSWER Mercury Which gas is often used to fill electric bulbs? - ANSWER Nitrogen Washing soda is - ANSWER sodium carbonate Quartz crystals are made of - ANSWER silicon dioxide Hydrogen - ANSWER known as a greenhouse gas Bromine - ANSWER red liquid Hardest substance on Earth - ANSWER diamond Peat - ANSWER type of coal that has its deposit containing marks of parent plant material Major use of tetraethyl lead? - ANSWER gas additive atomic mass - ANSWER The average mass of all the isotopes of an element -number of protons and neutrons isotope - ANSWER An atom with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons from other atoms of the same element. atomic number - ANSWER the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom element - ANSWER A pure substance made of only one kind of atom Sublimation - ANSWER solid to gas Deliquesence - ANSWER The absorption by a substance of water from the air, so that the substance becomes wet. What is silicon carbide used for? - ANSWER breaking strong substances Average saline level of sea water - ANSWER 3.5% transition metals - ANSWER groups 3-12 What element is found in all acids? - ANSWER Hydrogen Allotropes - ANSWER Different forms of the same element 4 states of matter - ANSWER solid, liquid, gas, plasma carrying capacity - ANSWER The largest population that an area can support Community - ANSWER All the different populations that live together in an area Population - ANSWER group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area null hypothesis - ANSWER a statement or idea that can be falsified, or proved wrong Error - ANSWER the difference between the accepted value and the experimental value Immune system - ANSWER A system (including the thymus and bone marrow and lymphoid tissues) that protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing the immune response endocrine system - ANSWER Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells. Adrenal glands are found in the. . . - ANSWER endocrine system How many organ systems are there? - ANSWER 11 What are the 4 types of tissues? - ANSWER epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous What carries oxygenated blood? - ANSWER arteries pulmonary veins What carries deoxygenated blood? - ANSWER pulmonary arteries and systemic veins osmosis - ANSWER Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane diffusion - ANSWER Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Molarity formula - ANSWER moles of solute/liters of solution empirical formula - ANSWER a formula with the lowest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound Oxidation - ANSWER loss of electrons Mixtures - ANSWER a physical combination of substances that can still be seperated -heterogeneous Compounds - ANSWER 2 or more elements chemically combined -homogenous Endothermic - ANSWER Absorbs heat Exothermic - ANSWER Releases heat Lipids - ANSWER fats and oils -steroids What chromosome is affected by downs syndrome - ANSWER Chromosome 21 Blood enters the heart through - ANSWER superior and inferior vena cava Blood enters the lungs from which chamber of the heart? - ANSWER right ventricle Phenotype - ANSWER physical characteristics of an organism Genotype - ANSWER genetic makeup of an organism ball and socket joint - ANSWER hip and shoulder joints pivot joint - ANSWER rotating bone turns around an axis; i.e. connection between radius/ulna and humerus hinge joint - ANSWER elbow and knee saddle joint - ANSWER type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation Which chamber pumps in systematic circulation - ANSWER left ventricle Anaphase - ANSWER Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell Prophase - ANSWER first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus Metaphase - ANSWER phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell Telophase - ANSWER the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed. Interphase - ANSWER period of the cell cycle between cell divisions Mitosis - ANSWER division of the nucleus Meiosis - ANSWER Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms systolic pressure - ANSWER Blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles. diastolic pressure - ANSWER the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest Nephron - ANSWER functional unit of the kidney Archimedes' Principle - ANSWER the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object Qualitative - ANSWER Data in the form of recorded descriptions rather than numerical measurements. Quantitative - ANSWER Data that is in numbers Fission - ANSWER the action of dividing or splitting something into two or more parts. Bacteria - ANSWER single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes Zinc supplements - ANSWER shortens diarrhea among children Archaea - ANSWER prokaryotic unicellular peptidoglycan Algae - ANSWER eukaryotic uni or multicellular cell wall of cellulose photosynthetic Protozoa - ANSWER eukaryotic unicellular no cell wall Fungi - ANSWER eukaryotic uni or multi decomposer Heterozygous - ANSWER having two different alleles for a trait Homozygous - ANSWER An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait ionic bond - ANSWER the attraction between oppositely charged ions Deposition - ANSWER gas to solid Condensation - ANSWER Gas to liquid covalent bond - ANSWER A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons heterogeneous mixture - ANSWER a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout homogeneous mixture - ANSWER a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout