NLN PAX PREP Science Spring 2023 with complete top solutions

NLN PAX PREP Science Spring 2023 with complete top solutions Which of these structures of the male reproductive system carries sperm cells from the testes to the lower part of the abdomen?Correct answer - Vas deferens A method for determining the blood alcohol content of a subject is toCorrect answer - Use a Breathalyzer A person blows his breath into a straw that is placed in limewater. The limewater becomes cloudy because the person's breath containsCorrect answer - carbon dioxide A physician measures the pulse and blood pressure (BP) of all patients on a routine basis. Which of these measurements show the normal BP values for a resting adult patient?Correct answer - 120/80 mm Hg A student focuses sunlight to a point with a thin converging (convex) lens. Which of these direct measurements can the student make as a result of this experiment?Correct answer - The approximate focal length of the lens. A woman suddenly chokes on a piece of food and clutches frantically at her throat. An immediate remedy is toCorrect answer - Apply quick, hard pressures successively to her abdomen, just beneath her diaphragm. An unknown gas is denser than air, does not support combustion, and turns a limewater solution cloudy. This gas is most probablyCorrect answer - Carbon dioxide Guard cells which can be found in the leaves of plants are most closely associated with which of these processes?Correct answer - Evaporation of water from the plant. Human testes produceCorrect answer - Spermatozoa If a red light is passed through a dilute solution of chlorophyll solution, the spectrophotometer will detect what amount of transmittance of this light?Correct answer - 50% - 75% If the medulla of the brain in a human was damaged, which of these conditions would most likely result?Correct answer - Difficulty in breathing In ecological succession, the first living thing to colonize a hitherto barren area is called A. producer B. primary consumer C. pioneer organism D. carnivoreCorrect answer - Pioneer organism In varieties of matter, the term heterogeneous may be applied toCorrect answer - Mixtures, but not elements or compounds The inherited factors that are transmitted in an organism from generation to generation are called its Homozygote.Correct answer - Genotype The organ that filters metabolic waste from the blood is the Small intestine.Correct answer - kidney Unicellular organisms that have a nucleus and can swim with the aid of cilia are examples of Monerans. A. monerans B. plants C. fungi D. protozoansCorrect answer - protozoans Which of these conditions is associated with smoking?Correct answer - Emphysema Which of these organisms use nitrogen directly from the air?Correct answer - Blue-green algae. Which of these particles can only be found in the nucleus of an atom?Correct answer - protons and neutron Which of these processes is responsible for the recorded production of CO2 by yeast cells from sugar solution?Correct answer - Anaerobic respiration Which of these quantities is a vector quantity?Correct answer - Energy Which of these temperatures is known as Absolute Zero?Correct answer - O ° K While working in the chemistry laboratory, a student spills dilute hydrochloric acid on her hand. What is the first action this student should take?Correct answer - Flush her hand with large quantities of water. Within which of these structures of the female reproductive tract is the human egg fertilized?Correct answer - Fallopian tube A cell which manufactures a large amount of protein for export would have an abundance of organelles calledCorrect answer - Ribosomes A substance that increases the speed of a reaction by lowering its activation energy is calledCorrect answer - A catalyst All of these groups of land plants produce seeds EXCEPT A. perennial flowering plants, such as peonies and asters. B. deciduous trees, such as maple and oaks. C. moist forest plants, such as mosses and ferns. D. evergreen trees, such as pines and spruces.Correct answer - moist forest plants, such as mosses and ferns (NOTE: "Evergreen trees, such as pines and spruces" is NOT the right answer even though NLN practice test says so!) As part of the human immune response, which of these cells are responsible for producing antibodies?Correct answer - Lymphocytes Ductless glands in the human body secreteCorrect answer - Hormones Ganglia are made up of a cluster ofCorrect answer - neurons If a person is fasting for 24hrs and ingest no carbohydrates the liver will provide for the body's need byCorrect answer - Converting glycogen into glucose If all of the second-order consumers within an ecosystem of a region were removed, the most likely short-term effect would beCorrect answer - An increase in the number of first-order consumers In a study on the effect of cocaine on the brains of rats, two groups of animals were selected. Each day, Group A was injected with the drug dissolved in water, whereas Group B was injected with water alone. In such a study Group B is included asCorrect answer - A control group In the reaction of iron with water shown below, what coefficient must be placed before the iron(Fe) to balance the reaction? Fe + 4H 2 O ° Fe 3 O 4 + 4H 2Correct answer - 3 Scientists have discovered that most vertebrates have cone cells in their eyes, which distinguish colors in daylight. The rods are more sensitive to light, but do not distinguish colors. If a mammal is nocturnalCorrect answer - There are fewer cones and a greater concentration of rods to collect the minimal light for night vision. Substance Y is soluble only in nonpolar solvents and does not conduct electricity, either in the solid or liquid phases. Y is most probablyCorrect answer - A nonpolar substance. The weight of an adult human in newtons (N) is closest toCorrect answer - 500N When a column of air is vibrating at the same rate as a tuning fork, the process is referred to as A. assimilation B. diffraction C. transmission D. resonanceCorrect answer - Resonance When a sperm and egg join to form a zygote in humans, what determines the sex of the child that is produced?Correct answer - The sperm A drop of dilute ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) is placed on one side of a slide containing a large number of swimming paramecium. Under this condition, which of these behaviors of the paramecia will be observed?Correct answer - They will eventually all swim away from the ammonium hydroxide. In diagnostic testing, the electroencephalogram permits the physician toCorrect answer - examine the impulses of the nerve cells within the brain. Heat energy is absorbed in which of these phase changes?Correct answer - Br2 (l) -> Br2 (g) Iodized salt is used to prevent a human condition known asCorrect answer - goiter The bending of a wave around an obstacle is known asCorrect answer - diffraction The process of nuclear cell division in the cell reproduction of plants differs from mammals. A major difference is thatCorrect answer - cell plates are synthesized Which of these equation best illustrates a synthesis reaction? A. 2Na + Cl2 --> 2NaCl B. NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H2O C. 2H2O2 --> 2H2O + O2 D. CH4 + 2O2 --> CO2 + 2H2OCorrect answer - 2Na+Cl2->2NaCl Which of these hydrocarbons is a member of the benzene family?Correct answer - Toluene Which of these pairs of units measures the same quantity? A. Joule and newton. B. Newton and watt. C. Calorie and joule. D. Watt and calorie.Correct answer - Calorie and joule Which of these single instruments may be used to measure the current flowing through circuit?Correct answer - An ammeter Which of these substances contains a nonpolar covalent bond? -NaCl -HBr -O2 -NH3Correct answer - O2 Which part of the cell structure controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell?Correct answer - Plasma membrane You cut your finger rather deeply while slicing an apple. Which of these actions should you take first?Correct answer - Wash the wound continuously with cold running water. 30 students in a class carefully measure the length and width of 20 peanut shells. They also count the number and note the size of the peanuts inside. This information is recorded on various graphs showing the numbers of nuts and the different sizes. The collected evidence of the peanuts gives the students an idea of the extent ofCorrect answer - variation within a species A lens that focuses distant light to a single point is known as aCorrect answer - converging lens A magician rapidly pulls a tablecloth from a table, leaving the dishes undisturbed. Which of these principles of physics explains this "trick"?Correct answer - Objects at rest tend to remain at rest. A material that settles out of a reaction is termed a(n) A. suspension B. precipitate C. colloid D. emulsionCorrect answer - precipitate (NOTE: NLN practice test says "emulsion" is the correct answer but it's not.) A recently discovered species has these characteristics: amniotic eggs, a four-chambered heart, and lightweight, honeycombed bones. Which of these ADDITIONAL characteristics is likely to be present?Correct answer - Feathers for flying A room temperature, which of these substances exists as diatomic molecules?Correct answer - Oxygen (Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer: hydrogen, nitrogen, fluorine, oxygen, iodine, chlorine, bromine.) Enzymes that are involved in biochemical reactions are organicCorrect answer - catalysts If the night temperature drops 50 degrees, the roadrunner's internal energy-conservation permits a lowering of body temperature toCorrect answer - 94 degree F In order to observe the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell, a scientist would usCorrect answer - an electron microscope The extension of a neuron that carries the impulse to another cell is called A. a cyton B. a synapse C. a dendrite D. an axonCorrect answer - An axon The full set of genes in an individual is known asCorrect answer - The human genome The second law of thermodynamics states that with every spontaneous process, the entropy of the universeCorrect answer - Increases The succession of flora and fauna encountered while climbing a mountain in the northern hemisphere is similar to that found when traveling from the base of the same mountain in which of these general directions?Correct answer - North When blood is filtered in the kidney and urine is produced, red blood cells and plasma proteins do not pass through the blood capillaries. This occurs becauseCorrect answer - large molecules such as blood and plasma proteins do not fit through the permeable membrane, so they cannot enter the tubules in the kidney. When two atoms share a pair of electrons, the bond between them is calledCorrect answer - covalent When water passes from a region of greater concentration to a region of lesser concentration through a selectively permeable membrane, the process is known asCorrect answer - osmosis Which of these changes occurs in the kidneys when a person becomes dehydrated?Correct answer - The filtration rate of water remains constant and the reabsorption of water increases. Which of these could be stopped by a sheet of paper?Correct answer - Alpha particles Which of these instruments is used to measure the amount of heat exchanged in a system?Correct answer - Calorimeter Which of these organ systems does NOT provide the excretion of subtances?Correct answer - Lymphatic system Which of these processes is illustrated by the spreading out of ammonia vapor in a closed room?Correct answer - Diffusion Which of these processes is used to free contaminated water of bacteria?Correct answer - Treating it with chlorine 1 kg of solid X at 10 degrees Celsius and 1 kg of solid Y at 10 degrees Celsius each absorb 5 joules of heat energy. The final temperature of X and Y are 15 degrees Celsius (15 C) and 20 degree Celsius (20 C), respectively. Compared to X, Y must have a lowerCorrect answer - specific heat A person who was in an auto accident has formed a blood clot at the site of the injury. One event that can lead to formation of a blood clot is thatCorrect answer - ruptured platelets release thromboplastin To sterilize a metal probe in the office, a dentist could use a steam sterilizer. If unavailable, the next most effective method to sterilize the instrument would beCorrect answer - boiling it in water for 15 minutes Periodontitis is an inflammatory conditionCorrect answer - gum tissue that surrounds the neck of each tooth. Which of these sequence of anatomic organization, from the simplest level to the most complex, is the correct sequence?Correct answer - From tissue, organ, organ system to organism. (t,o,o,o) Amnesia in humans is the loss of memory. Which of these parts of the brain has been affected when someone is suffering from amnesia caused head trauma?Correct answer - Cerebral cortex An example of the most complex level of organization in a frog is the A. epithelium B. striated muscle C. respiratory system D. stomachCorrect answer - respiratory system Charles Darwin's theory of evolution suggest that the reason for the various between species is a result ofCorrect answer - natural selection Compounds with the same type and number of atoms and the same chemical bonds but different spatial arrangements of these bonds and atoms are calledCorrect answer - structural isomers During exercise, a person's respiratory rate increases due toCorrect answer - an increase in CO2 concentration in the blood In corn plants, the gene that codes for the presence of chlorophyll is sometimes missing. The resulting seedlings are albino and will not survive. This lethal gene appears in corn population becauseCorrect answer - the parent plants that produced the seeds carried the recessive gene for the albino trait The atomic number of fluorine is 9. How many electrons are contained in the second principal energy level of a fluorine atom in the ground state?Correct answer - 7 The most probable area of study that would show the prevalence of mental illness in mid-Manhattan is that ofCorrect answer - epidemiology (define as the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health) The physics principle that is primarily used in developing a rollercoaster ride isCorrect answer - centripetal force The vertical columns on the periodic chart are known as A. periods B. ions C. metalloids D. groupsCorrect answer - groups When a drop of dilute nitric acid is added to water surrounding a hydra, the animal draws in its tenacles. The acid is acting as A. a hormone B. an impulse C. a stimulus D. a responseCorrect answer - a stimulus When your muscles atrophy, theyCorrect answer - waste away Which of these factors best summarizes Darwin's theory of the origin of species?Correct answer - Natural selection Which of these germ layers give rise to the skin?Correct answer - Ectoderm Which of these is an example of an emulsion?Correct answer - Mayonnaise Which of these is the correct sequence of chambers though which blood flows in the human heart and lungs?Correct answer - Right atrium; right ventricle; lungs; left atrium; left ventricle Which of these organisms has the most complex digestive system?Correct answer - Earthworm Which of these organisms might be found in contaminated well water? A. Aspergillis B. Porifera C. Giardia D. SpirocheteCorrect answer - Giardia Night blindness in humans is caused by a lack ofCorrect answer - Vitamin A A gram stain is an important technique used in the laboratory thatCorrect answer - distinguishes between different kinds of bacterial cell walls. An example of an adaptation to prevent water loss in plants isCorrect answer - waxy epidermis Anaerobic respiration occurs in muscle tissue when it cannot get sufficient oxygen to function aerobically. Which of these conditions is most likely to directly result from this? A. Cramps B. Necrosis C. Bleeding D. Swelling.Correct answer - Cramps Most internal gas exchanges in the human respiratory tract occurs across the capillaries of which of these structures?Correct answer - Alveoli The atoms of an element with seven valence electrons are most probably classified asCorrect answer - nonmetals Within a living cell, the oxygen (O2) from a mixture of O2 and carbon dioxide (CO2) is used up. This creates a concentration gradient across the cell membrane, drawing O2 across the membrane from the outside in, a process known asCorrect answer - Diffusion All living cells contain cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is important because itCorrect answer - controls what moves in and out of the cell The calorie and the kilocalorie are units ofCorrect answer - energy The energy associated with an object's position is termed A. Kinetic energy B. Thermal energy C. Photon energy D. potential energy (NLN says this is wrong even though it's correct)Correct answer - potential energy The Law of Dominance was proposed by which of the following scientists? A. Mendel B. Linnaeus C. Weismann D. LamarckCorrect answer - Mendel What are Mendel's Laws?Correct answer - 1. Law of dominance 2. law of segregation 3. law of independent assortment When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of these conditions must be present? A. The population is very small. B. the population is isolated from other populations. C. Natural selection D. Net mutationsCorrect answer - The population is isolated from other populations Which of these is an example of a simple machine? A. Lever B. Pulley C. Inclined plane D. All of the aboveCorrect answer - All of the above Which of these processes occurs at a neuromuscular junction? A. articulation B. axon formation C. impulse transmission D. encapsulationCorrect answer - impulse transmission Which of these quantities is most closely associated with an object's inertia? -Weight -Energy -Power -MassCorrect answer - Mass As an object falls freely near the surface of the earth, its speed increases, representing a transformation ofCorrect answer - protentional energy to kinetic energy Cicero and Wozniak probably decided to restrict their study to male offspring of alcoholic male rats because they wanted toCorrect answer - compare results with prior findings from human studies In a classical physics, light is viewed as part of the electromagnetic spectrum, traveling in the form of transverse waves. Quantum physics proposes that light is composed of quanta calledCorrect answer - photons Which of these factors is a variable in Cicero and Wozniak's research?Correct answer - Liquid diet of 6% alcohol the physics principle that is primarily used in developing a rollercoaster ride isCorrect answer - centripetal force The scientific name of the wolf is Canis lupus. The name indicates the wolf'sCorrect answer - genus and species To determine the optimum conditions for the activity of a digestive enzyme, it would be necessary to test its activity over a range ofCorrect answer - temperature, pH and substrate concentration Which of these arrangements of atoms is found in all alcohols?Correct answer - C-OH Which of these findings suggests a serious illness from a urinalysis?Correct answer - Presence of glucose and protein A tincture is a solution in which A. Alcohol is the solvent B. Water is the solvent C. Alcohol is the solute D. Water is the soluteCorrect answer - alcohol is the solvent The light sensitive cells of the eye are called rods and cones. Which of these layers of the eye are they found in? a. Cornea B. Retina C. Scler D. Choroid.Correct answer - Retina The number of complete waves which pass a point in one second is known as a A. wavelength B. period C. frequency D. cycle.Correct answer - frequency The Pap test can detect cancer in the female reproductive tract at an early stage, requiring cells scraped from A. the vagina B. the fallopian tubes C. the uterus D. the cervix.Correct answer - the cervix Which aspect of a simple machine is represented by the ratio work output to work input? A. Power expended B. Efficiency C. Ideal mechanical advantage D. Actual mechanical advantage.Correct answer - Actual mechanical advantage ? A substance composed of similar atoms (number of protons is the same for all) that can not be broken down chemically is a(n)Correct answer - element Cicero and Wozniak used young rats in their experiment instead of older rats because young rats areCorrect answer - more sensitive to alcohol How much current is drawn by a light bulb that has a resistance of 100 R with voltage of 110 V? (V=IR)Correct answer - 1.1 amperes (formula: I=V/R 110/100 = 1.1 amperes) Reducing the use of aerosol cans has contributed to the decrease of A. the green house effect. B. the destruction of the ozone layer C. thermal pollution D. acid rainCorrect answer - the destruction of the ozone layer The watt is a unit ofCorrect answer - power The force of gravity on an object is that object's A. mass B. weight C. inertia D. densityCorrect answer - weight The function of the myelin sheath that surrounds many neurons is toCorrect answer - increase the rate of impulse transport Which of these substances carries energy within cells and is produced as a result of cellular respiration?Correct answer - ATP According to the Ideal gas Equation (PV=nRT), if the temperature and amount of gas are kept constant, what will be the effect of an increase in pressure on the volume of a gas?Correct answer - As the pressure increases, the volume decreases At room temperature, which of these substances exists as diatomic molecules?Correct answer - Oxygen Which of these structures contains valves to prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction? A. Veins B. Arteries C. Capillaries D. Lymph ductsCorrect answer - Veins people with AB blood can give blood toCorrect answer - AB+ muscles are attached to bone byCorrect answer - tendons What are the 6 Major Divisions of Adult BrainCorrect answer - 1. Cerebrum 2. cerebellum 3. Diencephalon 4. Mesencephalon (midbrain) 5. Pons 6. Medulla Oblongata The region of the brain most concerned with coordinating somatic motor function is theCorrect answer - cerebellum Which part of the human central nervous system controls voluntary movements?Correct answer - cerebrum When three resistors of 10.0 ohms each are placed in series, the total resistance isCorrect answer - 30.0 ohms If blue light emits electrons from a photosensitive surface, then electrons must also be emitted by A. ultraviolet light B. green light C. orange light D. infrared lightCorrect answer - ultraviolet light Which of these is NOT an organic compound? A. CH4 (methane) B. C6H12O6 (glucose) C. CH3COOh (acetic acid) D. HCl (hydrochloric acid)Correct answer - HCl (hydrochloric acid) (ORGANIC = CARBON) Which of these pH values represents the most basic solution? A. 2 B. 4 C. 12 D. 14Correct answer - 14 Which of these structures produces sperm cells in human males? A. urethra B. prostate gland C. testes D. cowper's glandsCorrect answer - testes Which of these units associated with a magnitude, but not direction? A. force B. time C. velocity D. accelerationCorrect answer - Time A quantity that has both magnitude and direction is called a(n)Correct answer - vector All the glucose filtered from the blood in the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule of the kidney nephron is returned to the tissue fluid while passing along the proximal tubule. The rapid return is effected by the process of A. osmosis B. phagocytosis C. pinocytosis D. active transportCorrect answer - active transport When steel wool (mostly iron) burns, its mass increases. The best explanation of this observation is that A. hot iron has more mass than cold iron. B. the iron oxide formed has more mass than the iron alone. C. the iron is magnetized by the burning process. D. the iron changes to another allotropic form.Correct answer - the iron oxide formed has more mass than the iron alone. Which human body system does meiosis occur in? A. Digestive B. Reproductive C. Nervous D. CirculatoryCorrect answer - Reproductive A lab technician has the choice of four different enzymes to use in an experiment that will run at 25C. The optimal temperatures of enzymes using the Kelvin scale are: Enzyme A: 273 K Enzyme B: 298 K Enzyme C: 310 K Enzyme D: 325K Which enzyme would be the best to use in this experiment?Correct answer - Enzyme B: 298 K (25 + 273 = 298 k) The normal boiling temperature for water is 100 when measured on which of these scales?Correct answer - Celsius Coulomb's Law is most closely associated with: Gravitational fields Fluid flow Electric charges Nuclear forcesCorrect answer - Electric charges What is the correct sequence in the life cycle of a moth?Correct answer - Egg, larva, pupa, adult (elpa) Which of these experiments would be an effective way to determine the distribution of touch receptors in the skin?Correct answer - Have a blindfolded student tell when the bristle placed lightly against the skin is felt A circuit contains 3-ohm (W) resistors in series. What is the equivalent resistance of this combination? A. 1W B. 3W C. 6W D. 9WCorrect answer - 9W Sugar molecules enter a cell against a concentration gradient by the process of A. Passive diffusion B. Facilitated diffusion C. Osmosis D. Active transportCorrect answer - Active transport The meiotic division of cells leads to the production of cells that A. are exactly like their parents. B. contain half the usual number of chromosomes. C. will give rise to different types of white blood cells. D. will double the usual number of chromosomes.Correct answer - Contain half the usual number of chromosomes The functional group present in all alcohols is theCorrect answer - Hydroxyl group Sodium (+) will react most readily with A. Potassium B. Helium C. Chlorine D. BoronCorrect answer - Chlorine (BECAUSE IT HAS A NEGATIVE [-] CHARGE) The amplitude of a sound wave is most closely related to: A. Pitch B. Speed C. Wavelength D. LoudnessCorrect answer - Loudness Whole blood of type AB can be transfused to people with which of these blood types? A. O only B. A and B only C. AB only D. A, B, AB, and OCorrect answer - AB only You are taking exam (or so) in a very quiet room when some body made a loud sound which trigger you to flinch. Which nervous system reacted?Correct answer - sympathetic What is the pH of a solution whose H+ ion concentration is 1 x 10^-2 mole per liter?Correct answer - 2 The boiling point of liquid nitrogen at one atmosphere pressure is 77 K. This temperature is equivalent to.Correct answer - - 196 C Water freezes at 0°C. On the Kelvin temperature scale, this is equivalent toCorrect answer - 273K