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What is the frequency for smart cards? 13.56 MHz The distances that a CCTV signal may be run are determined by what? 1. Signal strength at the source 2. Required signal strength 3. Signal loss over the distance What are the most commonly controlled conditions in HVAC systems? 1. Pressure 2. Temperature 3. Humidity 4. Rate of Flow 5. On, Off or variable speed What is the primary reason for considering a physical ring? A redundant cable path for disaster recovery. What is the role of a gatekeeper? To manage all videoconferencing-related operations on a network, including directory services, call authorization and resource management. What is CAPWAP? Control and Provisioning of wireless access point (CAPWAP) creates an open vendor-neutral protocol for interoperability between thin access points and WLAN switches from different vendors. (Proposed by IETF) Define: Reflection The abrupt change in direction of a wave front at the interface between two dissimilar media so that the wave front returns into the medium from which it originated. Define: Equipment Room Building serving spaces where telecom systems are housed and connected to the cabling system. (Equipment Room = ER) Define: Feeder Ducts Carry cables from the TR to the distribution Ducts The working load capacity of a cable tray is determined by what? The static load capacity of the tray and the length of the support spans. What are the most common types of conduit body configurations? 1. 90-degree bend, (left, right or back) 2. T configuration 3. C or straight inline fitting What is a Consolidation Point used for? May only be used for making a direct connection to telecommunications outlets/connectors. (Never use a consolidation point as a cross-connection, for patching, or for direct connections to active equipment. Connections between various cabling system segments should be done through the use of what? Patch Cords What are the basic styles used for Balanced Twisted-pair connecting hardware? 1. Telecom outlets/connectors (including MUTOAs) 2. Patch Panels 3. Connecting blocks 4. Cable assemblies 5. Splices Define: Scattering The deflection of light by small particles whose size is similar to the wavelength of light. Define: RFI RFI = Radio Frequency Interference The degradation of a desired signal at the receptor-end caused by RF disturbances which have components in the radio frequency range. What is included in the electromagnetic spectrum? 1. Light 2. Radio waves 3. Microwaves 4. Infrared (IR) radiation 5. Ultraviolet Rays 6. X-rays 7. Gamma Rays Singlemode optical fiber is best suited for: 1. Bandwidth exceeding multimode capabilities 2. Distances exceeding multimode capabilities 3. When singlemode is required Define: Balun A balanced to unbalanced circuit-coupling device. (Also provide impedance matching for connecting twisted-pair to coaxial cabling.) Define: Return Loss Expressed in dB, a ration of the power of the outgoing signal to the power of the reflected signal. What are the three most common connectors for coaxial cable? 1. BNC = Bayonet Neill-Concelman 2. F-style - Radio Frequency Connector 3. N-style - Coaxial Connector What are patch panels typically used for? 1. Interconnections 2. Cross-connections 3. MUTOAS 4. Consolidation Points and/or Horizontal Connection Points Define: Ground loops Two parallel paths that have identical conductive terminations to two separate grounding references. Define: Bandwidth The information-carrying capacity of a system. Define: Transceiver A device that acts as an interface between the network and the connected device. Define: Attenuation-to-Crosstalk Ratio (ACR) The ratio obtained by subtracting insertion loss. What are the most common electrical conductors? 1. Copper 2. Copper- Covered Steel 3. High-strength copper alloys 4. Aluminum (Silver and Gold, also good conductors, but may be cost prohibitive) How much should conduits entering a building from: - Below grade extend? - Below the ceiling height? 1. 100 mm (4 in) above finished floor 2. Terminate 100 mm (4 in) below the finished ceiling What are the most common types of monitor displays available? 1. Cathode ray tubes 2. Plasma 3. Liquid Crystal Display 4. Digital light processor 5. Liquid-crystal-on-silicon 6. Touch Screens What are the three independent components of a security program? 1. Electronic countermeasures 2. Architectural countermeasures 3. Operational Security Countermeasures What is ISO? International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is a network of national standards institutes in 147 countries with one member per country. (Central Secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland) Define: VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a system in which voice signals are converted to packets and transmitted over a network using Transmission control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Define: Repeater A device that regenerates a digital signal from one source, reads it, then generates a completely new signal identical to the original and transmits it to the next destination. Define: Hot Swap The ability to replace any server NIC without powering down the server. Define: Stations A device with which a user accesses an organizational network. Can be local or remote. What is MODBUS? A communications interface built around messaging. (Four elements of MODBUS - device address, function code, data, error check. uses two basic codes, ASCII and American standard code for information interchange and RTU, Remote Terminal Unit.) Define: Load Capacity The amperage that is available at the nominal system voltage. (Can be stated as VA or W and in larger systems as kVA or KW). Define: Real Power Determined by incorporating the effects of the inductive and capacitive reactance into the calculation. (Expressed in W. Performed on the "load" side of the system.) Define: Transients/Surge Short duration rapid increase in voltage or current that can be up to thousands of volts in amplitude. Define: Isolated Ground (IG) Equipment grounding topology theorized to reduce effects of EMI and RFI on the equipment grounding system. (It is not recommended that voice and data equipment utilize IF systems. IG receptacles are continuous orange or beige marked with an orange triangle. Where should a work area telecommunications outlet/connector be installed? Within 0.91 m (3 ft) of an electrical outlet and installed at the same height. What are the two basic elements of a horizontal distribution system? 1. Horizontal Pathways 2. Related Spaces What does "De-Rate" a system mean? Reduce the electrical power rating to improve safety, reliability, or efficiency. What is the minimum finished height of access flooring? 1. 200 mm (8 in) in General office areas. 2. 300 mm (12 in) or greater for computer rooms or control rooms used for HVAC. (Regardless of finished floor height, a minimum of 50 mm (2 in) if free space should exist around the cable tray.) Define: Poke-thru Penetrations through the fire-resistive floor structure to permit the installation of horizontal telecom cables. What is the maximum allowable length between junction boxes and other access points? 18.3m (60 ft) Define: Closed cellular unit A closed cellular unit is two sheets of steel welded together to form a roll-formed (corrugated) top and flat-sheet bottom.