TEST BANK FOR RESEARCH METHODS THE ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE BASE 2ND EDITION BY WILLIAM TROCHIM (ISBN 978-1133954774)

TEST BANK FOR RESEARCH METHODS THE ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE BASE 2ND EDITION BY WILLIAM TROCHIM (ISBN 978-1133954774) True / False 1. Fundamentally, research ethics are about doing the right thing for all involved. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 2.1 Foundations of Ethics in Research KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 2. Milgram’s famous study was inspired by the Nazi defense, “orders are orders.” a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 2.2 Historical Cases of Unethical Research KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 3. FDA inspector Frances Kelsey refused to approve an application with what she viewed as insufficient safety data, even under pressure from her superiors, and thus, prevented the Thalidomide tragedy from occurring in the United States. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 2.2 Historical Cases of Unethical Research KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 4. Assent means that a child has not stated any objections to participating in a research study. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: 2.3 Evolution of a Modern System of Research Ethics KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 5. In a Phase III study, a drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: 2.3 Evolution of a Modern System of Research Ethics KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 6. At smaller universities, Institutional Review Boards typically review research using both humans and animals. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: 2.3 Evolution of a Modern System of Research Ethics KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 7. Current standards do not require that participants in clinical trials be told that they might receive a placebo a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: 2.3 Evolution of a Modern System of Research Ethics KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 8. The principle of “respect for persons” means that people are to be treated as independent and autonomous individuals a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: 2.3 Evolution of a Modern System of Research Ethics KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 9. Even an accidental error in recording or analyzing data is considered misconduct. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 2.4 Ethics in the Production and Publication of Scholarly Work KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 10. In the United States, the Department of Health and Human Services has placed responsibility for managing conflicts of interest on investigators, IRBs, and institutions a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 2.4 Ethics in the Production and Publication of Scholarly Work KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand Multiple Choice 11. The 10 principles that were developed as a frame of reference for judging the conduct of Nazi physicians accused of atrocities became the . a. Nuremberg Code b. Milgram Code c. Belmont Report d. Tuskegee Report ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 2.2 Historical Cases of Unethical Research KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 12. The modern history of human-subject protections began at . a. Nuremberg b. Stanford c. Belmont d. Tuskegee ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 2.2 Historical Cases of Unethical Research KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 13. Which researcher conducted studies of obedience that suggested ordinary people would do things they knew would cause harm to others simply because they were told to do so? a. Zajonc b. Milgram c. Kohlberg d. Zimbardo ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 2.2 Historical Cases of Unethical Research KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 14. The classic “obedience study” is believed to have been the first study in which the term was used. a. debriefing b. placebo c. control group d. confederate ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 2.2 Historical Cases of Unethical Research KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 15. After the Thalidomide tragedy, the Amendments were passed, which requires drug manufacturers to prove the safety of their drugs before marketing them. a. Milgram b. Belmont c. Tuskegee d. Kefauver-Harris ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 2.2 Historical Cases of Unethical Research KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 16. What did the 1980s activist poster that read “Stop Protecting Us to Death” refer to? a. The HIPAA’s requirements to obtain patient data b. The IRB’s monitoring of compliance with research protocols c. The FDA’s cautious approach to approving new drugs d. The NIH’s lack of funding due to conflict of interest ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: 2.3 Evolution of a Modern System of Research Ethics KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 17. The , passed in 1974, represents one of the first serious attempts to build a comprehensive system of research ethics in the United States. a. National Research Act b. Declaration of Helsinki c. Tuskegee Code d. Kefauver-Harris Amendments ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: 2.3 Evolution of a Modern System of Research Ethics From 18. The principle of means that people are to be treated as independent and autonomous individuals. a. respect for persons b. beneficence c. justice d. non-maleficence ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: 2.3 Evolution of a Modern System of Research Ethics KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 19. The principle of means that researchers should attempt to maximize the benefits of participation and take steps to identify and limit the potential for harm. a. respect for persons b. beneficence c. justice d. non-maleficence ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: 2.3 Evolution of a Modern System of Research Ethics KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 20. The principle of means that participation should be based on fairness and not on circumstances that give researchers access to or control of a population based on status. a. respect for persons b. beneficence c. justice d. non-maleficence ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: 2.3 Evolution of a Modern System of Research Ethics KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand