BIOS 256 Final Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed

BIOS 256 Final Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed what are male gametes? Correct Answer -Sperm What are female gametes? Correct Answer -Secondary oocytes Embryonic period? Correct Answer -From fertilization through the eighth week of development Fetal period? Correct Answer -Begins at week 9 and continues on until birth Describe the first trimester? Correct Answer -The first trimester is from conception to 1 3 weeks. This period is very critical to babies health due to the extensive oran -system development, and baby is most vulnerable to teratogens. Describe the second trimester? Correct Answer -14 weeks to 27 weeks. Baby begins to develop human like features Describe the third trimester? Correct Answer -28 weeks to 40 weeks. Rapid fetal growth, fetus doubles in weight. Cleavage of zygote Correct Answer -Mitotic division after fertilization Day 1: two -cell stage Day 2: four -cell stage Day 3: eight -cell stage Day 4: morula Day 5: blastocyst Day 6: Implantation in uterine wall FIGURE 29.5 What factors stimulate the thirst center in the hypothalamus? Correct Answer -Increased blood osmolarity(more solutes) Decreased blood volume Decreased blood pressure Dry mouth What does a decreased blood pressure stimulate in the kidneys? Correct Answer -Stimulates the release of renin, which increases angiotensin II formation, leading to increased thirst, increased water intake, and increased blood volume, and increas ed blood pressure What are the two main solutes in extracellular fluid and in urine? Correct Answer -Na+ and Cl - ADH function Correct Answer -ADH responds to increased osmolarity, by inserting aquaporins in late DCT and collecting ducts, which increases th e permeability to water and allows for more water to be reabsorbed, decreasing blood osmolarity, increasing blood volume, increasing blood pressure What are the two most important hormones in renal reabsorption and urine regulation? Correct Answer -Aldoste rone and ANP When is RAAS activated? Correct Answer -Decreased blood pressure or Na+ deficiency in plasma, this causes an increase in renin release which activates the RAAS system. This increases Na+ reabsorption and water reabsorption in the late DCT and collecting ducts Functions of ANP Correct Answer -ANP responds to increased blood volume and increased stretch of atria of the heart, promoting natriuresis (elevated excretion of Na+ into urine). Where sodium goes, water follows, therefore there is also a loss of water, and a decrease in blood volume. What are the most abundant cation and anion of ECF? Correct Answer -Na+ and Cl - What are the most abundant cation and anion of the ICF? Correct Answer -K+, proteins, and phosphates 3 buffer systems in the bod y Correct Answer -(1) the carbonic acid -sodium bicarbonate buffer system, (2) the phosphate buffer system, and (3) the protein buffer system.