OUTLIERS BOOK TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 LATEST UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+|GUARANTEED SUCCESS

The Rosetans Community of outliers in Pennsylvania in terms of good health. Populated by immigrants of small town Italy; death rates very low. Reason? culture. family focused, community, friendly. Scientists looked BEYOND the individual and found a solution. 2007 Medicine Hat Tigers Hockey team in first chapter of the book. One of the two finest teams in the Canadian Hockey League. Roster of the team is presented and pattern of players born in certain months; most players born in January, February, or March because of cutoff dates for all teams beginning at a young age. Brainpower 0:01 / 0:15 The Matthew Effect Those who already start out with advantages will get further and further ahead, and disadvantaged will continue to face more and more losses. Theory developed by sociologist Robert Merton. Accumulative advantage The 10,000 Hours Rule "magic number" of hours it takes to achieve expertise, even the select few that we consider "prodigies" like Mozart. Argument against being "born with" abilities to be successful in a certain field. Only extraordinary opportunity affords a person the chances to become an expert. Bill Joy Wrote UNIX, a popular computer operating system, re-wrote Java, co-founder of Sun Microsystems. Had the off-chance opportunity to code in The University of Michigan's computer center for hours at a time in college. Arbitrary advantage played a huge role in Bill Joy's success, along with 10,000 hours of practice by his second year in college. Assists argument that innate talent will never become expertise without LOTS of practice. Had a "lucky" birthdate/year Chris Langan Genius level IQ (Higher than Einstein), "celebrity outlier", interviewed for game shows, magazines, etc. Learned to speak at only 6 months old. Grew up poor, father was alcoholic and absent. Eventually "had to" drop out of college because a financial aid form was filled out incorrectly. Here, the author makes the point that PRACTICAL intelligence, outside of IQ, is just as important, because he could have fought to keep his place at school, but instead just accepted his fate. After he dropped out, no longer taken seriously. Class disadvantage because of parenting style and opportunities. "ADAPT" Robert Oppenheimer Physicist who famously led the American effort to develop a nuclear bomb in WWII, very high IQ, even as a child. Went to Harvard then to Cambridge. Forced to study experimental instead of theoretical physics, so he tried to poison his tutor with chemicals from the lab. Put on probation. Later in life, thought to be a Communist, hopeless with lab equipment, but still hired to lead the atomic bomb effort. Differences between Langan and Oppenheimer? Practical intelligence, which can only be learned with practice and patience. (Must have the means and opportunity to learn it) Parenting style widely differs between classes, and this may be the reason Oppenheimer was more practically intelligent. Poorer children learn to adapt, while richer children learn to manipulate and customize their environment. The "Termites" Group constructed by Lewis Terman. Terman was interested in IQ testing, and was invested in seeking out young geniuses. Interviewed and selected about 1500 kids from all over the country with genius level IQ's for a lifelong study. Terman believed these "geniuses" would become greatly successful in their lifetimes. He was wrong. Gladwell suggests here that our ideas about genius represent some of our strongest misconceptions about how success works. IQ has a threshold for success. Higher than a certain point doesn't matter. However, kids from lower class families were not as successful, and lacked the skills to get opportunities. Joe Flomm Last living named partner of one of the most prestigious law firms in NY. Grew up in a Jewish family during the Depression, did well in school, got into Harvard Law without a college degree, graduated one of the top of his class. Didn't "fit in" at major firms, joined a small group starting their own firm. Today that law firm earns 1 billion+ a year. Heritage, cultural identity, and social systems of advantage and disadvantage play a role in individual success. When lawyers for corporate takeovers were needed, those like Flomm, pushed out of major firms, became NEEDED. Jewish gained practical intelligence out of struggle. Also had "perfect timing" (arbitrary luck) Louis and Regina Borgenicht New York garment workers who moved to NY from Europe to "start a better life". Found their "niche" selling children's aprons. Although it was hard work, Mr.Borgenicht was his own boss, doing engaging, complicated work, and being rewarded for his efforts. In other words, the work was meaningful. Creates motivation for success and continuation. Children of these workers were largely becoming educated professionals. In the case of Jewish professionals from New York, "humble origins" were not an obstacle but an advantage. This goes directly against our intuitive sense of Joe Flom's success story—that he heroically overcame the shackles of his past in order to become successful. Growing up in the 1930s with parents who were garment workers gave a child an advantage (much the same way that growing up with wealthy parents gives a child an advantage today). Culture of Honor Inhabitants of a small town in Kentucky (fought with each other a LOT) were part of a bigger pattern all over the state. The original inhabitants of these tows were descended from Scots-Irish herdsman, whose livelihood depended on their being feared and respected enough that no one would dare steal their livestock. These inhabitants came from a "culture of honor". The point is that the cultural tendencies of our ancestors have an effect on us (and likely our descendants). Cultural legacies are real, and they have a lasting effect on our lives. We cannot understand culture in the present without understanding where we came from. "PDI Dimension" Power Distance Index. Tells the story of why Korean Air plane crashes happened over and over again. "The typical accident involves seven consecutive human errors." The typical crash involves exhausted pilots, poor communication, poor decision-making, and misunderstanding. It is not often bad piloting that causes plane crashes: it is the pilots' inability to do all of the other things that flying a plane involves: talking, improvising, multitasking, listening. Respect to superiors is conveyed in different ways in different cultures, leading to "suggestions" even in potential emergencies. Korean 1st officer tries to warn pilot by making comments about the weather and when he comments on how much he appreciates having weather radar in the cockpit, he means to suggest that the captain take a look at the radar. Korea's culture is one in which the listener is expected to pick up on subtle cues like this. But the captain was tired, and didn't hear what his first officer was trying to tell him. This failure of communication caused the plane crash. Korean Air improved when pilots began to learn English and the different power dynamic that comes with it since their language does not belong to their culture. Avianca Crash Plane was running dangerously low on fuel and had been forced to divert. The pilot repeatedly tells Air Traffic Control (in New York) they are low on fuel. However, the first officer tells ATC that the plane is "running out of fuel" but doesn't use the word "emergency" or even seem very concerned. ATC asks them to divert again, and the first officer agrees. The plane runs out of fuel and crashes shortly after this final communication to ATC. The first officer and the pilot made suggestions and hints, but failed to commandingly tell ATC what the problem was. ATC did not interpret their words correctly and the result was a deadly crash. Cultural differences in communication and power dynamics are highlighted between NYC and South America.