CPHON EXAM Flashcards LATEST UPDATE
What medications can relieve dyspnea in terminal patients? - ANSWER Opioid drugs (oral
and inhaled)
Scopalamine reduces secretions.
What is the purpose of a phase IV trial? - ANSWER To further investigate the long term
safety and efficacy of a treatment.
*Goal is to decrease long term side effects while providing acceptable cure rates.
What does the Candlelighters organization do? - ANSWER Provide cancer survivors with
information and counsel on their legal rights.
What did the National Cancer Act of 1972 do? - ANSWER Started the "war on cancer".
Gave the NIH more funding/strength for cancer research.
Which drugs are classified as hormones? - ANSWER dexamethasone
prednisone
hydrocortisone
Is fever an emergency for people with sickle cell disease? - ANSWER Yes, ALWAYS.
Sickling will occur at a higher rate with fever.
What would indicate a good vs poor prognosis in leukemia? - ANSWER Good =
hyperdiploidy
Poor = positive for Philadelphia Chromosome (9;22)(q34; q11) translocation.
What age group has the best prognosis in neuroblastoma? - ANSWER Less than 12 months
old.
Where is osteosarcoma most commonly found initially? - ANSWER The long bones:
tibia, femur, humerus
Why is rotationplasty pereferred surgically for osteosarcoma patients? - ANSWER Better
functionality.
What are the causes and symptoms of posterior fossa syndrome? - ANSWER Transient
,defecits after PF surgery. Present 24-48 hours after surgery and last 2 - 6 months.
Speech disturbance, dysphagia, decreased motor function, emotional lability, cranial nerve
palsy.
What is the treatment for posterior fossa syndrome? - ANSWER OT/PT/Speech
correct hydrocephalus
sometimes glucocorticoids
What is a classic clinical presentation of retinoblastoma? - ANSWER Leukocoria "cat's eye
reflex"
Caused by pressure on the retina.
What are the major toxicites of hormones? - ANSWER altered metabolic function
decreased bone density
(/C)
Which drugs are classified as miscellaneous non-cell cycle specific agents? - ANSWER
asparaginase
retinoids (atra, accutane)
(/C)
What type of pain do terminal children experience? - ANSWER disease related (rapid
onset)
bone/nerve (longer duration)
Name some symtoms seen with brain tumors. - ANSWER facial/cranial nerve palsy
speech and swallowing difficulty
ataxia
seizures
emotional/personality changes
What type of cancer is characterized by blue Reed-Sternberg cells? - ANSWER Hodgkin's
Disease
*cells look like owl eyes
, What does the presence of Auer Rods in microscopic bone marrow reivew indicate? -
ANSWER That the patient has non-lymphacitic leukemia.
It's not ALL, usually AML or CML.
Looks like black rods in cells.
What do neutrophils do? - ANSWER Act as the first line of defense against antigens.
Nonspecific.
What would be considered severe aplastic anemia? - ANSWER ANC <500
Platelets <20K
What long-term side effect can carmustine (BCNU) cause? - ANSWER Pulmonary
dysfunction.
How do you calculate absolute neutrophil count (ANC)? - ANSWER (%bands+%segs)Xtotal
WBC = ANC
What would you expect to see in a newly diagnosed Burkitt's Lymphoma patient? - ANSWER
Rapidly enlarging abdominal mass
Elevated LDH
What are some characteristics of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH)? - ANSWER
presentation with scaly red papules
causes breakdown in bony areas
What are some characteristics of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)? - ANSWER
Low platelets
presents with bruising, purpura, pettichiae, but RARELY BLEEDING
What are some presenting symptoms of Wilms Tumor? - ANSWER Hematuria
Hemihypertrophy
What lab values are associated with tumor lysis syndrome? - ANSWER Think: Pup goes up!
Potassium >6, Uric Acid >8, Phosphorus >10
Calcium <8
What are the symptoms of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
What medications can relieve dyspnea in terminal patients? - ANSWER Opioid drugs (oral
and inhaled)
Scopalamine reduces secretions.
What is the purpose of a phase IV trial? - ANSWER To further investigate the long term
safety and efficacy of a treatment.
*Goal is to decrease long term side effects while providing acceptable cure rates.
What does the Candlelighters organization do? - ANSWER Provide cancer survivors with
information and counsel on their legal rights.
What did the National Cancer Act of 1972 do? - ANSWER Started the "war on cancer".
Gave the NIH more funding/strength for cancer research.
Which drugs are classified as hormones? - ANSWER dexamethasone
prednisone
hydrocortisone
Is fever an emergency for people with sickle cell disease? - ANSWER Yes, ALWAYS.
Sickling will occur at a higher rate with fever.
What would indicate a good vs poor prognosis in leukemia? - ANSWER Good =
hyperdiploidy
Poor = positive for Philadelphia Chromosome (9;22)(q34; q11) translocation.
What age group has the best prognosis in neuroblastoma? - ANSWER Less than 12 months
old.
Where is osteosarcoma most commonly found initially? - ANSWER The long bones:
tibia, femur, humerus
Why is rotationplasty pereferred surgically for osteosarcoma patients? - ANSWER Better
functionality.
What are the causes and symptoms of posterior fossa syndrome? - ANSWER Transient
,defecits after PF surgery. Present 24-48 hours after surgery and last 2 - 6 months.
Speech disturbance, dysphagia, decreased motor function, emotional lability, cranial nerve
palsy.
What is the treatment for posterior fossa syndrome? - ANSWER OT/PT/Speech
correct hydrocephalus
sometimes glucocorticoids
What is a classic clinical presentation of retinoblastoma? - ANSWER Leukocoria "cat's eye
reflex"
Caused by pressure on the retina.
What are the major toxicites of hormones? - ANSWER altered metabolic function
decreased bone density
(/C)
Which drugs are classified as miscellaneous non-cell cycle specific agents? - ANSWER
asparaginase
retinoids (atra, accutane)
(/C)
What type of pain do terminal children experience? - ANSWER disease related (rapid
onset)
bone/nerve (longer duration)
Name some symtoms seen with brain tumors. - ANSWER facial/cranial nerve palsy
speech and swallowing difficulty
ataxia
seizures
emotional/personality changes
What type of cancer is characterized by blue Reed-Sternberg cells? - ANSWER Hodgkin's
Disease
*cells look like owl eyes
, What does the presence of Auer Rods in microscopic bone marrow reivew indicate? -
ANSWER That the patient has non-lymphacitic leukemia.
It's not ALL, usually AML or CML.
Looks like black rods in cells.
What do neutrophils do? - ANSWER Act as the first line of defense against antigens.
Nonspecific.
What would be considered severe aplastic anemia? - ANSWER ANC <500
Platelets <20K
What long-term side effect can carmustine (BCNU) cause? - ANSWER Pulmonary
dysfunction.
How do you calculate absolute neutrophil count (ANC)? - ANSWER (%bands+%segs)Xtotal
WBC = ANC
What would you expect to see in a newly diagnosed Burkitt's Lymphoma patient? - ANSWER
Rapidly enlarging abdominal mass
Elevated LDH
What are some characteristics of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH)? - ANSWER
presentation with scaly red papules
causes breakdown in bony areas
What are some characteristics of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)? - ANSWER
Low platelets
presents with bruising, purpura, pettichiae, but RARELY BLEEDING
What are some presenting symptoms of Wilms Tumor? - ANSWER Hematuria
Hemihypertrophy
What lab values are associated with tumor lysis syndrome? - ANSWER Think: Pup goes up!
Potassium >6, Uric Acid >8, Phosphorus >10
Calcium <8
What are the symptoms of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
