PCU Exam 100% Correct Questions and Answers

PCU Exam 100% Correct Questions and Answers what are normal ABG values? pH: acidic 7.35-7.45 basic CO2: basic 35-45 acidic HCO3-: acidic 22-26 basic normal paO2 80-100 mmHg what pH levels are lethal? outside 6.8-7.8 where are ABGs drawn from? what test is done to ensure adequate blood flow? peripheral artery; allen's test for radial artery How do the kidneys help maintain acid-base balance? retain/excrete basic HCO3 and retain/excrete acidic H+ treatments for respiratory acidosis -oxygen -intubation -bronchodilators -drug reversal agents -incentive spirometer -suction treatments for respiratory alkalosis -breathing into paper bag -anxiolytics -analgesics -reduce fever -reduce ventilation -return to normal altitude treatments for metabolic acidosis -IV sodium bicarbonate -manage blood sugar -antibiotics -reversal for OD -anti-diarrheal agents -dialysis -encourage respirations/ventilate treatments for metabolic alkalosis -antiemetics -stop suctioning -d/c drugs causing acid loss (diuretics, antacids) -hydrochloric acid (rare) what is systolic vs diastolic heart failure? systolic: type of L sided HF with reduced EF of < 40%; impaired contraction diastolic: type of L sided HF with preserved EF > 50%; impaired relaxation what 3 things occur in systolic HF? 1. SNS activation (increased HR, contractility, peripheral vasoconstriction) 2. RAAS activation (sodium + water retention, peripheral vasoconstriction) 3. LV dilation