MLPAO Test Prep ~ ECG Latest 2023 Graded A

MLPAO Test Prep ~ ECG Latest 2023 Graded A V1 placement 4th intercostal space R sternal border 4th intercostal space R sternal border V1 V2 placement 4th intercostal space L sternal border 4th intercostal space L sternal border V2 V3 placement Between leads V2 and V4 Between leads V2 and V4 V3 V4 placement 5th L intercostal space in midclavicular line 5th L intercostal space in midclavicular line V4 V5 placement Horizontally even with V4, but in the anterior axillary line Horizontally even with V4, but in the anterior axillary line V5 V6 placement Horizontally even with V4 and V5 in the midaxillary line Horizontally even with V4 and V5 in the midaxillary line V6 Which leads are the Limb Leads? I, II, II Limb leads are [UNIPOLAR/BIPOLAR] Bipolar Precordial leads are also called? Chest Leads Which leads are the precordial leads? V1-6 Unipolar = Precordial leads are [UNIPOLAR/BIPOLAR]? Which leads are the augmented limb leads? aVR, aVF, aVL Augmented Limb Leads are [UNIPOLAR/BIPOLAR] Unipolar 15 leads includes the regular 12 leads plus what? Back Leads Back leads are [UNIPOLAR/BIPOLAR]? Unipolar Common sources of artifacts Movement, medical devices, incorrect placement of leads, (electrolyte imbalance, thickening of heart muscle, fluctuation in body temperature) Wandering baseline caused by Dirty/loose electrodes or machine cables (moving during analysis) Dirty/Loose electrodes or machine cables moving during analysis causes Wandering baseline Muscle tremors cause Irregular tracings Irregular tracings caused by Muscle tremors What can be done to reduce tremors in clients with Parkinson's disease? Blanket over patient Which part of the ECG tracing represents atrial depolarization? P wave Which part of the ECG tracing represents ventricular depolarization? QRS Complex Which part of the ECG tracing represents the initial positive deflection? R Wave Which part of the ECG tracing represents the negative deflection following the R wave? S Wave Which part of the ECG tracing represents the first downward wave of the QRS complex? Q Wave (often absent) Which part of the ECG tracing represents ventricular repolarization? T Wave P wave represents? Atrial depolarization QRS Complex represents? Ventricular depolarization R wave represents? Initial positive deflection S wave represents? Negative deflection following the R wave Q wave represents? First downward wave of the QRS complex (often absent) T wave represents? Ventricular repolarization P wave reference range: __s 0.12 P wave amplitude reference range: ___ mm 2.5 Normal sinus rhythm displayed to have a ____ P:QRS ratio 1:1 P wave can also be initiated by ____ in certain disease processes AV P wave is upright in which leads? I, II, V2-V6 P wave is biphasic in which leads? V1 P wave is inverted in which leads? aVR Abnormalities associated with the P wave? Atrial Flutter (or atrial fibrillation), Heart Block, Junctional Rhythm PRI length reference range is: ____s 0.12-0.20 Slow conduction through the ____ ____ causes a prolonged PR interval (Longer than 0.20s) AV node Slow conduction through the AV node causes _____ Prolonged PRI Abnormality associated with prolonged PRI 1st degree heart block Abnormalities associated with shortened PRI Pre-excitation accessory pathway QRS complex length reference range: ___s 0.12 When the QRS complex is ____ than 0.12s it means there is a ____in the conduction system and its ability to conduct electricity Less, block Abnormalities associated with the QRS complex Bundle Branch Block, (PVCs, Ischemia, Electrolyte Imbalance, Hypothermia) Q wave normal reference range: ____s 0.04 Abnormalities associated with Q wave MI, (obstructive, septal, hypertrophy) Abnormalities associated with S wave Hypertrophy of ventricles ST segment is typically aligned with the ___ ___ Isoelectric line Abnormalities associated with ST elevation/depression Ischemia, MI, (pericarditis, electrolyte imbalance, ventricular strain) T wave reference range: ___mm in limb leads, ___mm in precordial leads 5, 15 T wave is upright in which leads? I, II, V3-V6 T wave is biphasic in which leads? III, aVL, aVF, V1-V2 T wave is inverted in which leads? aVR Abnormalities associated with tall T waves Hyperkalemia, (early stage MI) Abnormalities associated with inverted T waves Ischemia, MI, (Ventricular Hypertrophy, Bundle Branch Block, Cerebral Disease, Pericarditis)