MLPAO Test Prep ~ Microbiology Questions and Answers 100% Pass

MLPAO Test Prep ~ Microbiology Questions and Answers 100% Pass Microbiology is the study of Microscopic organisms Four major groups of Microorganisms Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Parasites Viruses are non cellular Parasites Viruses are observed through Electron microscope Viruses contain a genomic core made up of either ____ or ____ (never both!) and a coat of ____ surrounding the core called an ___ DNA, RNA, protein, envelope Viruses are obligate intracellular_____ Parasites Prokaryotic bacteria ranges in size between ____ um 2-6 Eukaryotic fungi size ___ um 2-100 Unicellular fungi include yeast Multicellular fungi include Molds, fungi, Candida Eukaryotic protozoa ranges in size between ___ um 5-200 Protozoa are motile by means of pseudopods, cilia, or flagella Microorganisms from largest to smallest Protozoa, fungi, bacteria, viruses A form of providing all necessary nutrients to the microbe in an artificial environment is Growth medium Growth Medium: Prepared by using ___ ____ or using _____ _____ individual constituents, dehydrated powders Growth Medium: Classified according to three properties Physical, Chemical, Functional Growth Medium: Physical classifications Liquid, semi-solid, solid Growth Medium: Chemical classifications Synthetic, non-synthetic Growth Medium: Functional classifications General purpose, enriched, selective, differential, anaerobic, enumeration, assay, specimen transport Growth Medium: Solid medium gives a firm surface on which bacteria can grow Growth Medium: Cells that grow on solid media are Colonies Growth Medium: A colony is produced of a ___ and is made of _____ single cell, one type of species Growth Medium: A colony's ____, ____, and ____ are typically used for identification Size, shape, color Growth Medium: Semi-solid medium is used to asses the ____ of bacteria or observe a ____ motility, reaction at a specific site Growth Medium: Semi-solid medium contains _____ agents to thicken the media such as ____ or ____ Solidifying, gelatin, agar Growth Medium: Liquid medium includes _____ or _____ Broths, infusions Growth Medium: Liquid medium growth appears ____ the tube in the form of ____, _____, or _____ appearance Throughout, dispersed, cloud, particle General purpose medium grows a _____ _____of microbes wide variety General purpose medium is considered to be _____ and contain a variety of nutrients to support a wide range of microbes (e.g.. MH) non-synthetic Enriched Medium: Media is prepared with ____ _____ ____ (e.g.. BA) additional growth factors Enriched medium is used to _____ and ____ organisms that are unable to grow on ____ media and display _______ reactions recover, investigate, basic, hemolysis Enriched medium is prepared with ____% sheep blood added to ____ base 5, TSA Differential medium as it is also used to analyze bacteria that produce _____ hemolysin Beta hemolysis is ____ hemolysis and has a ______ appearance of agar around the colonies complete, clear Alpha hemolysis is ____ hemolysis and has a _____ appearance of agar around the colonies partial, greenish (discoloration) Gamma hemolysis is ____ hemolysis and has a ______ appearance of agar around the colonies absence of, brown (normal reaction of the blood to the growth conditions of 37° C in the presence of carbon dioxide) Chocolate agar contains lysed blood Lysed blood of chocolate agar _____ ____ _____ thereby producing more nutrients for bacterial growth releases cellular components Chocolate agar is made by Heating 10% sheeps blood to 85c Differential medium is also considered to be a ___ media selective MacConkey agar: The _____ _____ and _____ ____ inhibit the growth of Gram-positive organisms which allows for the selection and isolation of gram-negative bacteria crystal violet and bile salts MacConkey agar: Designed to selectively isolate Gram-___ and enteric (normally found in the intestinal tract) bacilli and differentiate them based on ____ fermentation. negative, lactose Thayer-Martin Agar is chocolate agar with addition of _____ antibiotics Thayer-Martin Agar contains what three antibiotics Nystatin, Vancomycin, Colistin Thayer-Martin Agar is used to isolate ____ bacteria Neisseria (N. gonorrheae, N. meningitdis) Salmonella-shigella Agar is a ______ and _____ medium Differential, selective Salmonella-shigella Agar isolates ______ and ____ species Salmonella, shigella Salmonella-shigella Agar's selective agents Bile salts and brilliant green dye (against all gram+ organism and most gram- organisms) Salmonella-shigella Agar's differential agents Lactose and sodium thiosulphate Hektoen Enteric Agar is a ______ and _____ medium Differential, selective Hektoen Enteric agar selective agents Bile salts (inhibit gram+ and toxic to some gram- organisms) Hektoen Enteric agar contains Bile salts, lactose, surose, and salicin Hektoen Enteric agar differential agents Ferric ammonium citrate and sodium thiosulphate (detect hydrogen sulfide production by black centered colonies) Hektoen Enteric Agar common acronyms HEK, HE, HEA Hektoen Enteric Agar is used to discriminate between Shigella and Salmonella Anaerobic medium contains _____ (e.g. ______) agents which removes free oxygen from the media reducing, thioglycollic acid Anaerobic medium contains a redux indicator ______ Resazurin Anaerobic medium contains a redux indicator, resazurin, which is _______ in absence of oxygen and _____ in the presence of oxygen colorless, pink Anaerobic indicator is colorless when oxygen is [Present/Absent] Absent Anaerobic indicator is pink when oxygen is [Present/Absent] Present PRAS stands for Pre-reduced anaerobically sterilized medium Anaerobic medium: Two types of reducing agents Thioglycolic acid, L-Cysteine hydrochloride Gram stain procedure Heat fix, Crystal Violet 1m, Iodine 1m, Alcohol 20s, Safranin 1m Crystal violet stains gram__ cells ___ [+/-, color] +, purple Gram stain: Iodine is a Mordant Gram Stain: Alcohol provides Decolorization Gram Stain: Safranin is a Counterstain Gram Stain: Primary stain Crystal Violet Gram Stain: Decolorizer Alcohol Gram Stain: Counterstain Safranin Gram Stain: Mordant Iodine Safranin stains gram___ cells ____ [+/-, color] -, pink Definition: Mordant Dye fixative, a substance used to set dyes on tissue (or fabric) Gram Stain: Dyes stain the ___ in the cell ___ peptidoglycan, wall Acid-Fast staining procedure is a _____ stain that is used for the identification of ____ bacteria [types] Differential, acid-fast Acid-Fast staining is used for rapid diagnosis of ____ (______) Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Acid-Fast staining: Waxy substance that gives acid fast bacteria higher affinity for the initial stain (carbol fuchsin) and resistance to decolorization (acid alcohol) Mycolic acid Acid fast bacteria stain pink Non acid fast bacteria stain blue Ziel-Neelson is a type of Acid-fast stain Acid-Fast stain procedure Carbolfuschin 30s, Heat fix, Acid alcohol 15-20s, Methylene blue 30s, rinse Acid-Fast stain: Primary stain Carbolfuschin Acid-Fast stain: Mordant Heat Acid-Fast stain: Counter stain Methylene blue