Quiz 2-PSYC 312 Liberty University

1. When people use the availability heuristic to make quick judgments, they are likely to do all of the following except - Fbase the decision on lots of information about a person. 2. HAccording to the authors of your text, what are the three reasons why schemas become accessible? - Fchronic accessibility due to experience; a current goal; priming 3. HEthan and Heather see a man stumbling around as he walks down the street. Ethan, who belongs to Alcoholics Anonymous, thinks the man is drunk, but Heather, who just watched a TV special on Michael J. Fox, thinks the man has Parkinson's disease. These differing interpretations of the same behavior seem to be caused by Ethan and Heather's differences in - Faccessibility 4. HAlice goes to see a rerun of Jaws (a movie about a vicious shark) a few days before she takes off to Florida on spring break. On break, she finds that she is now too nervous to spend much time actually in the water, since she is convinced that anything she sees in the water is a shark. Her heightened sensitivity is due to - Fpriming 5. HChristopher is considering breaking up with his high-school sweetheart. He spends many hours weighing the benefits and drawbacks, he asks his friends for advice, and he thinks about it further before coming to his decision. In this case, Christopher is using - Fcontrolled thinking. 6. HHow are self-fulfilling prophecies and schemas related? - FSelf-fulfilling prophecies are inadvertent and unconscious influences on behavior by an individual's schemas. 7. HThe availability heuristic is based on the principle of using ________ as a cue to probability. - Faccessibility 8. HAllison is a very sweet, intelligent, amicable person. However, Joe hears from her ex-boyfriend that she is hard to get along with and very snobby. According to research on the self-fulfilling prophecy, Joe acts in a(n) - Funfriendly way toward Allison. This in turn causes Allison to act unfriendly toward Joe, and Joe to believe that her ex-boyfriend was right about her. 9. HIn a controlled experiment, Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) informed grade school teachers that some of their students (called "bloomers") would show great academic improvement in the upcoming year. In reality, the "bloomers" were chosen randomly by the researchers, and were no smarter than any of the other students. Which of the following best describes the results of this study? At the end of the year, - Fbloomers improved more on an IQ test than did non-bloomers. 10. HAccording to the perspective presented in Chapter 3 (Social Cognition), a person who grew up in a home with an alcoholic parent who sees a man acting in a somewhat strange manner may be ________ likely to interpret this behavior as due to alcohol because of ________. - Fmore; chronic accessibility of an alcoholic schema 11. HWhich of the following is not an example of automatic thinking? - Fconducting a search on the Internet 12. HWhen people use information about the relative frequency of members of different categories in the population to make judgments (e.g., percentage of students who are psychology majors), they are using - Fbase rate information. 13. HYou are listening to a radio broadcast which describes a person who donated a kidney to a complete stranger in need of a transplant, when the phone rings and the fireman's association asks you to make a donation. The idea of priming suggests that you will - Fbe more likely to make a donation because the schema of being charitable has been made more accessible. 14. H"You reap what you sow," goes the old adage. This saying is most compatible with the social-psychological concept of - Fbelief in a just world. 15. HThe fundamental attribution error occurs more often in ________ cultures. - FWestern 16. HOne day, Professor Burns came into class and put his briefcase onto the desk in the front of the room. The desk promptly fell apart and the briefcase tumbled to the floor. Because of perceptual salience, what will students be most likely to think? - FProfessor Burn ruined that desk. 17. HTina is very happy in her marriage. She is going to make ________ attributions about the positive behaviors of her spouse. - Finternal 18. HUsing ____, individuals can draw meaningful conclusions about another person's personality or skills based on an extremely brief sample of behavior. - Fthin-slicing 19. HEmma arrived late for her job interview, wore too much cologne, and forgot the interviewer's name. Because of the _____, the interviewer formed a negative _____ of her. - Fprimacy effect; impression 20. HWhen people are distracted, they are more likely to fall prey to the fundamental attribution error. This occurs because internal attributions arise from ________, whereas external attributions arise from ________. - Fautomatic processes; controlled processes 21. HStudents in the United States seldom applaud after a lecture, whereas students in Europe often applaud or rap their knuckles on their desks. This cultural difference reflects the power of ________ to influence nonverbal communication. - Fdisplay rules 22. HAccording to research presented in this chapter, we typically use two steps in making attributions. The first step involves ________, and the second step involves ________. - Fforming an internal attribution; adjusting for the situation 23. HYour sister comes in and announces that she has just gotten engaged to the man she has been dating for the past two months. You feel a mix of surprise, happiness, and concern, and this shows on your face. The expression your face displays is known as a(n) - Faffect blend. 24. H________ information addresses the extent to which an actor behaves in a similar way in response to a stimulus across time and circumstances. - FConsistency