CBE 235 Final questions well answered 2023/2024

CBE 235 Final.Lac Operon - correct answer -involved in heating lactose: inducible operon 1) The lactose repressor protein coded by Lacl bound to the operator tightly near the mRNA start site, blocking the ability of RNA poly to bind 2) Lactose introduced--> Lac repressor binds to lactose and changes conformation such that it can no longer bond to the operator 3) RNA poly can access the promoter and transcription goes 4) LacZ,LacY,LacA are transcribed Gregor Mendel Experiment - correct answer -7 pea plants traits (phenotype) -created discrete particle model -each plant had 2 copies of each gene and each gene controlled one trait -also determined independent law of assortment and law of segregation -particles of inheritance are genes Cell Theory - correct answer Walter Sutton: obsesrved chromosomes in pairs that sorted independently to gametes Gene Discovery - correct answer Thomas Hunt Morgan: bred fruit flies and track phenotypes; by using FF, more data and stats were collected Law of Independent Assortment - correct answer -each trait's alleles segregate without regard to the others Law of Segregation - correct answer Once genes are obtained, cell keeps them for life but can separate to form gametes Discrete Particle Model - correct answer Fluid Blending: Think chocolate milk example, once combined, cannot be separated back out DPM: More like marbles. Parents traits are combined but different outcomes come from their offspring Hersey and Chase - correct answer -1952 experiment -Radioactive P32 and S35 were used to track protein(S) and DNA(P) -used a bacteriophage to conduct how heredity material was transferred -phosphorus was found in the bacteria therefore DNA is the unit of heredity Catalyst - correct answer speeds up chemical rxns without being consumed Enzyme - correct answer a biological catalyst made of proteins Substrate - correct answer reactant in an enzyme catalyzed rxn Metabolites - correct answer chemicals used for or produced by cell growth or maintenance Biotech Products - correct answer -vaccines -insulin -gene therapy Gene Knockouts - correct answer creates new organism lack one or more genes helping determine the gene function by removing a specific gene and observing the effects Biotechnology - correct answer use or manipulation of living organisms to solve problems or make products Griffith's Experiment - correct answer -the overall experiment showed there was a transforming agent which was in fact the DNA since the killed cells were transformed and killed the mouse due to the rough cell transgenics - correct answer create new organism with inserted gene