EDF 3110 HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT | EDF 3110 Exam 2

EDF 3110 HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT | EDF 3110 Exam 2 Jacob's father, grandfather, and two of his uncles are all police officers. Since he was in middle school, Jacob has planned to become a police officer, too. During his first semester of college, Jacob declared criminal justice as his major. Identity foreclosure Janeesa spent her senior year of high school exploring career options within the field of education. She attended career fairs and shadowed a social worker, school principal, special education teacher, and a speech and language pathologist. During her second year in college, Janeesa declared her major in special education. Identity achievement Yuri is about to finish high school. Although she plans to attend college, Yuri has not decided what she wants to do with her life. She has considered medicine, law, and social work. Yuri has volunteered at a nursing home and currently works part-time as a secretary for a small law firm. Yuri plans to spend her first year or two of college exploring her options before settling on a major. Identity moratorium Ashton is a junior in high school and seems uninterested in college or trade school. He has worked several part-time jobs but quit each within a few weeks. When asked what he wants to do with his life, Ashton usually says, "It really doesn't matter to me what I do. I'm not in any hurry to go to college or start a career. There's plenty of time for that later." Identity diffusion What are the top two leading causes of childhood mortality in industrialized nations? unintentional injuries and bicycle accidents What is the role of the hippocampus? Spatial understanding and memory Which eating disorder is easier to treat? Bulimia How are IQ tests often utilized? to identify students who are gifted or have disabilities in schools What did Vygotsky believe about private speech? speaking to oneself for language development, used for guidance and self regulation What is emotion-centered coping? internal, private, and aimed at controlling distress when little can be done about an outcome; goal is emotional self-efficacy Describe gender schema theory. it explains how environmental pressures and children's cognitions work together and shape gender-role development What are ways to treat ADHD? stimulant medication, training in executive functioning, modeling, family intervention Name the categories of peer acceptance. popular, rejected, controversial, neglected, average What are some of the psychosocial effects of maturing earlier in girls and boys? girls unpopular, low in confidence, less positive body image, at-risk lasting difficulties boys popular, socialable leaders, positive body image Describe the ways bilingual education can occur. language immersion and English only programs What is reversibility? thinking through a series of steps and then mentally reversing direction Name and describe the four different styles of play. nonsocial activity (onlooker), parallel play (plays near others), associative play (exchange w/ separate activities), cooperative play (common goal) Describe elaborative style parents use to help with recall. follow child's lead, ask varied questions, add information, and volunteer own information, fosters organized and detailed personal stories What are Kohlberg's levels of moral development? preconventional, conventional, postconventional Provide an example of how 3 year olds typically describe themselves (their self-understanding or self-concept). what they have, ex: "I have a blue shirt." What are some of the effects of technology on friendships during adolescence? less developed interaction skills, context to express jealousies/misunderstandings, more public personal info, unsatisfying face to face interactions, boredom, depression According to Erikson, the psychological conflict of the preschool years is __________. initiative versus guilt Preschoolers' self-concepts consist largely of observable characteristics. True A child who engages in solitary play or is an unoccupied onlooker is engaging in ________. nonsocial play Psychoanalytic perspective describes how moral behaviors are modeled, and punishment is used to enforce moral actions. False Punishment is an effective disciplinary tactic because it promotes lasting changes in behavior. False Between ages 2 and 6, children experience gains in emotional self-regulation and express more empathy. True Poverty has a negative impact on executive function through maladaptive parenting practices and chronic stress. True Children with Autism _____________. -Are impaired in theory of mind -Lack emotional and social capacities needed for an understanding -Can't attribute mental states to themselves or others The HOME program is the most extensive federal program providing low-SES children with years of preschool education. False "My toy car breaked" is an example of __________. Overregularization Preschoolers' recall is remarkably good, but their recognition memory is much poorer. False Attention, impulse control, and planning are all components of ____________________. Executive functioning ________ theory combines elements of social learning theory and cognitive-developmental theory. Gender-schema Evolutionary theorists claim that family & cultural forces can't influence the intensity of biological sex differences False Gender ascehematic children think through a gender schematic filter. False Caregivers embracing children's expressed identity fosters better adjustment. True Which of the following is the most effective child rearing style? Authoritative Which of the following is an example of a generic utterance? -Most girls can't play basketball -Only boys drive trucks -Only girls do ballet Which of the following is an example of common health problems in middle childhood? -obesity -vision -unintentional injuries Games with rules become common as gains in perspective taking allow children to understand the roles of several players. True Piaget's concrete operational stage spans ages ___________. 7-11 Rehearsal, organization, and elaboration are examples of memory strategies. True Which of the following is not typically associated with the development of ADHD? Warm parent-child relationship Dynamic assessment threat is the fear of being judged on basis of negative stereotype of an individuals group False Hierarchical communication is when the parent and child work on tasks together in a coordinated way. False School-age children refine their self-concept, organizing their observations of behaviors to make social comparisons.