UNH NUTR 400 Final Exam - Questions and Answers

UNH NUTR 400 Final Exam - Questions and Answers Fluid in the body is made up of? water and solutes Functions of water? maintenance of blood volume, transport nutrients and oxygen, lubricant and protection, chemical reactions, solvent, temp regulation, waste removal Water needs vary with size, activity, environment and diet AI for water men - 3.7 L women - 2.7 L Insensible water loss sweating, lung respiration, urine, feces What happens if not enough water input? body works harder to keep you alive What glands pay attention to water supply in body? pituitary and adrenal gland Water intoxication rare? yes, and potentially fatal Hyponatremia low blood sodium Most abundant mineral in body? Calcium Calcium functions bone and teeth structure form bones blood clotting maintenance of blood pressure muscle contraction Where is 99% of calcium found? bones and teeth Where is 1% of calcium found? Blood What is rule of 300s? estimation tool, 300 mg per serving of dairy and 300 mg for everything else Most reliable source of calcium dairy products Fortified calcium products soy drinks, juices, cereals Calcium supplements calcium carbonate, citrate, lactate, phosphate Natural supplement forms oyster shell, coral calcium, bone meal, dolomite Two types of bone tissue mineral (65% calcium and phosphorus) protein (35% mostly collagen) Cortical bone dense shell Trabecular bone hard, spongy network Bone development stage: bone growth size of bone increases Bone development stage: bone modeling shape of bone is determined Bone development stage: bone remodeling two step recycling process, reabsorption and formation (breakdown and repair) Osteoclast bone cells that help break down bone tissue, liberate calcium for blood, preparation to repair Osteoblast build up new bone