BIOS 1300 LAB Ohio University Exam One questions and answers graded A+

BIOS 1300 LAB Ohio University Exam One questions and answers graded A+ Are the R groups non polar, polar, or it depends on the type of amino acid? - depends How many amino acids are there? How many are essential? How many are nonessential? - 20 total. 10 essential. 10 nonessential. What basic elements are usually found in all carbohydrate examples? - Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Fructose and Glucose are very similar but what is the difference? - Fructose has 5 rings Glucose has 6 rings Which molecule or elements are missing from maltose versus two independent glucose molecules? - Hydrolysis H2O Glycogen is a _________________ - polymer of GLUCOSE molecules What basic elements are usually found in all lipid examples? - Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen molecule that has four carbon atoms - cholesterol Which lipid molecule has a phosphate group? - phospholipids Which molecules have a glycerol backbone? - triglyceride Which molecules have fatty acids? - triglycerides and phospholipids What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid? - Saturated have single bond between carbon atoms and Unsaturated bonds have several bonds between carbon atoms What elements are amino acids made up of? - Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon What distinguishes one amino acid from another? - R groups What are the three components of Nucleotides? - 1. single or double carbon-nitrogen ring called a nitrogenous base 2. a monosaccaride 3. one or more phosphate groups What type of molecule is adenine? - Purine How can you identify an ATP from a phospholipid? - Adenine and nucleotide What is the difference between purine and pyrimidine? - The two-carbon nitrogen ring bases (adenine and guanine) are purines, while the one-carbon nitrogen ring bases (thymine and cytosine) are pyrimidines. How can you identify a nitrogenous base (ex. cytosine) from an amino acid? - bases form amino acids What type of molecule is ribose and deoxyribose? - sugar, carbohydrates What type of bond is created at the nitrogenous bases between the complementary base pairs? - hydrogen bonds What is Uracil's complementary base pairing of the nitrogenous bases? - adenine What is Guanine's complementary base pairing of the nitrogenous bases? - cytosine What is Adenine's complementary base pairing of the nitrogenous bases? - Thymine What is Thymine's complementary base pairing of the nitrogenous bases? - Adenine What is Cytosine's complementary base pairing of the nitrogenous bases? - Guanine Which organelle is responsible for ATP production? - Mitochondria Which organelle in the cell produces lipids? - smooth endoplasmic Reticulum Which organelle in the cell breaks down long fatty acids? - peroxisomes The DNA that controls the functions of the cell is located in which cellular structure? - mitochondria Which structure in the cell stores calcium - sarcoplasmic reticulum Which organelle breaks down bacteria, virus, and other organelles? - lysosomes What is the function of the cytoskeleton? - structure and transport Cholesterol is vital for the structural integr