US History 1 CLEP Study Guide

The Line of Demarcation -->The line by the Pope to dived the world in half. Giving one half to Spain and the other the Portugal. The Spanish convinced to Pope to do this because both countries wanted to colonize but Portugal was the super power of the sea. Treaty of Tordesillas -->A 1494 agreement between portugal and spain, moving the Line of Demarcation farther west. Henry Clay -->Engineered the Missouri Compromise The Missouri Compromise of 1820 -->This maintained the balance of slave and free states by bringing in Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state. It sought to diffuse slavery as an issue in westward expansion by prohibiting slavery north of latitude 36°30', but it said nothing about popular sovereignty south of that line. "We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists." Was said by? -->Thomas Jefferson, following the heated elections of 1800. The Treaty of Paris 1783 (four main parts) -->Britain recognizes independence of the U.S.; boundaries of the new nation are established; American ships are given unlimited fishing rights; creditors of either side would be unimpeded in the collection of lawful debts; the U.S. would compensate loyalists whose property had been confiscated Freeport Doctrine -->In a Douglas vs. Lincoln debate, this was Stephen Douglas's said that slavery could be prevented from any territory by the refusal of the people living in that territory to pass laws favorable to slavery. Likewise, if the people of the territory supported slavery, legislation would provide for its continued existence. He didn't want to go against the Supreme Court and say it couldn't be continued into the territories but he also didn't want to anger southerners. The Triangular Trade -->The pattern of trade that connected Europe, Africa, Asia, and the American continents. They traded rum,slaves, sugar, and tobacco . Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses Grant at... -->The Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865 The Judiciary Act of 1789 -->Congress provided for a Supreme Court of six members and a system of lower district courts and courts of appeal, also giving the Supreme Court the power to make the final decisions in cases involving the constitution or state laws. Alexander Hamilton's Legislative Program -->Promoted the Bank of the United States, assumption of Confederation and state debts, excise taxes, and manufacturing The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 -->Defined the process by which new states could be admitted into the Union from the Northwest Territory. It forbade slavery in the territory but allowed citizens to vote on the legality of slavery once statehood had been established. The Specie Circular of 1836 -->An executive order issued by U.S. President Andrew Jackson in 1836 and carried out by President Martin Van Buren. It required payment for government land to be in gold and silver. Anne Bradstreet -->The first published american poet Phillis Wheatley -->The first African American poet to be published. Virginia House of Burgesses -->The first lawmaking body in the English colonies Massachusetts General Court -->Passed the first set of laws in the English colonies. King Philip's War -->A conflict between New England colonists and Native American Groups allied under leadership Wampanoag cheif Metacom, known to the colonists as King Philip. Royal Colonies -->Colonies that were under the direct control of the English crown Proprietary Colonies -->Colonies owned by persons who had been given a royal charter to own the land Charter Colonies -->Colonies based on a grant of land by the British Crown to a company or a group of settlers Mercantilism -->The theory that a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys Salutary Neglect -->An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies The Stamp Act -->A tax, passed in March 22,1765; on documents and printed items such as wills, newspapers, and cards. Declaratory Act -->Act passed in 1766 just after the repeal of the Stamp Act. Stated that Parliament could legislate for the colonies in all cases.