BIOL 2400 Final Exam Questions With Answers Latest 2023/2024 (Graded 100%)

BIOL 2400 Final Exam Questions With Answers Latest 2023/2024 (Graded 100%). SNP data (the third codon position of a nuclear gene) from 1000 individuals on the enzyme Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) was collected from two populations of perch in two local rivers and also from Guelph Lake. As is usual for a SNP only two alleles were found: A1=C and A2=G. The genotype data for each population is given in the Table 1 below: Table 1: Perch genotypes: CC CG GG p(C) q(G) Eramosa R. .4 0.6 Speed R. .52 0.48 Guelph Lk .75 0.25 [a] Estimate the frequency of the A1 and A2 alleles (separately) for each population and write it in the last two columns. a) If we use the formula on the equation sheet that uses the number of alleles (which is double the number of perch): p Eramosa = (2*125+550)/2000 = 0.4 q Eramosa = 1-p = 0.6 p Speed River = (2*270+500)/2000 = 0.52 q Speed River = 1-p = 0.48 [b] Are these populations approximately in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? If they are not in HWE then which assumptions are likely being violated? For Eramosa under HWE expected genotype frequencies would be: p 2 2pq q 2 (0.4) 2 2(0.4)(0.6) (0.6) 2 0.16 0.48 0.36 We multiply these by the number of fish 1000 to get the number expected of each genotype: For the Eramosa River*: Chi squared, χ2 = 21.267 with 2 degrees of freedom. The two-tailed P value 0.0001. Very highly significant! Could there be selection for heterozygotes for this locus in the Eramosa River? Genotype CC CG GG Observed numbers Expected number 160.0 480.0 360.0 For the Speed River: Chi squared, χ2 = equals 0.003 with 2 degrees of freedom. The two-tailed P value equals 0.99870 with 2 degrees of freedom. Not significant. Genotype CC CG GG Observed numbers Expected number 270.4 499.2 230.4 For Guelph Lake: P value and statistical significance: Chi squared, χ2 = 40.000 with 2 degrees of freedom. The two-tailed P value is less than 0.0001. Very highly significant! Could there be inbreeding in the Guelph Lake population? Genotype CC CG GG Observed numbers Expected numbers 562.5 375.0 62.5 *Chi square calculator at: [c] Do you think the perch are swimming between the Eramosa and Speed Rivers and Guelph Lake? Why or why not? No. If there were high amounts of migration between the two rivers and between the Speed River and Guelph Lake then the allele frequencies would be very similar at all three locations. 2) [10 marks] You are studying a population of deer mice Peromyscus maniculus in Algonquin Park. You are interested in whether there is a heritable component to body weight and to running speed for a sprint of 30 metres. You trap wild mice for two generations and estimate that for this population: Table 1. Phenotypic statistics and heritability for a deer mouse population.