[ATI] Foundations of Nursing Care of Children (Ch. 1-7)

[ATI] Foundations of Nursing Care of Children (Ch. 1-7) Characteristics of healthy families include Members communicate well and listen to each other. There is affirmation and support for all members. There is a clear set of family rules, beliefs, and values. Members teach respect for others Sense of trust Play and share humor together Shared sense of responsibility Traditions/rituals Adaptability and flexibility in roles Seek help for their problems T/F: Adaptability and flexibility in roles are characteristics of healthy families. True Family system theory means that not just individual members; a change to one member affects entire system, system can inititate and react to change, too much and too little change can lead to dysfunction. Too much or too little ____ can lead to family dysfunction. Change Family stress theory Describes stress as inevitable; stressors can be expected or unexpected, explains rx of family to stressful events; offer guidance for adapting to stress Family developmental theory Views families as small groups that interact with the larger social system Uses Duvall's family life cycle stages to describe the changes a family goes through over time How family functions in one stage determines how family functions in the next Traditional nuclear family Married couple and their biologic children (only full brothers and sisters) Nuclear family two parents and their children (biologic, adoptive, step, foster) Binuclear family Parents who have terminated spousal roles but continue their parenting roles Changes that occurs with the birth/adoption of a first child Parents' sense of self as they transition to new parental role Division of labor and roles within the relationship of couples Relationships with grandparents Work relationships Increased financial responsibilities and possible loss of income Necessary sleep habit changes Types of Parenting include Dictatorial or authoritarian Permissive Democratic or authoritative Passive Dictatorial/authoritarian parenting Try to control the child's behaviors and attitudes through unquestioned rules and expectations Permissive parenting Parents exert little or no control over the child's behaviors and consult the child when making decisions Democratic/authoritative parenting Parents direct the child's behavior by setting rules and explaining the reason for each rule setting Parents NEGATIVELY reinforce deviations from the rules. Passive parenting Parents are uninvolved, indifferent, and emotionally removed. Guidelines for promoting acceptable behavior in children Set clear, realistic limits and expectations that are developmentally appropriate Validate the child's feelings and offer sympathetic explanations Provide role modeling and reinforcement for appropriate behavior Focus on the child's behavior when disciplining the child Parts of family assessment History Structure Developmental tasks Family characteristics Family stressors Environment Family support systems At what age do you need to consider whether a child wants a caregiver in the room during assessment or to be assessed alone? Older school age and adolescence T/F: A toddler may sit on a parent's lap if desired during examination. True; want to ensure a secure, comfortable position. If a child is uncooperative during procedure, nurse should: assess reasons, be firm and direct about expected behavior, complete the assessment quickly, and use a calm voice. Recommended route to determine temperature in infants 0-12 months Axillary Rectal for exact Expected temperature for children 0-6 months 37.5 C (99.5) Expected temperature for children 1 years 37.7 (99.9) Expected temperature for children 3 years 37.2 (99.0) Expected temperature for children 5 years 37.0 (98.6)