Oncology Nursing II Test Review 2023

Oncology Nursing II Test Review 2023 Diagnostic Tests: - ANS--Cytology- helps to identify cellular changes -Radiological Studies (Xray, Mammogram) -Hematological Studies (CBC) -Endoscopic studies -Nuclear studies (MRI) -Biopsy Aspirating cells, boring a "core" - ANS-Needle biopsy Removing a wedge of tissue from a larger tissue mass - ANS-Incisional biopsy Completely removing an entire lesion without removing any adjacent normal tissues - ANS-Excisional biopsy Performing multiple needle or incisional biopsies - ANS-Staging Grading: 1). GX 2). G1 3). G2 4). G3 5). G4 - ANS-1). cannot be determined 2). tumor cells are well differentiated and closely resemble normal cells 3). moderately differentiated 4). poorly differentiated- tissue of origin can be established 5). undifferentiated, no normal cell characteristics Determines the exact location and degree of metastasis - ANS-Staging 1). Stage 0 2). Stage 1 3). Stage 2 4). Stage 3 5). Stage 4 - ANS-1). carcinoma in site 2). tumor limited to the tissue of origin; localized tumor growth 3). limited local spread 4). extensive local and regional spread 5). metastasis Primary tumor: 1). TX 2). T0 3). Tis 4). T1, T2, T3, T4 - ANS-1). cannot be assessed 2). no evidence of tumor 3). carcinoma in site 4). increasing in size; T1 is small, T4 is large Regional lymph nodes: 1). NX 2). N0 3). N1, N2, N3 - ANS-1). cannot be assessed 2). no metastasis 3). Increasing involvement; N1- one lymph node; N2- 2 lymph nodes involved Distant Metastasis: 1). MX 2). M0 3). M1, M2, M3 - ANS-1). cannot be assessed 2). no distant metastasis 3). distant metastasis; M1- one site; M2- two sites First method ever used to treat cancer involving the removal of diseased tissue - ANSSurgery Removal of all identifiable tumor along with a small margin of normal tissues - ANSLocal excision Removal of identifiable tumor plus immediate tissue or adjacent tissue - ANS-Wide local excision Removal of tumor, surrounding tissue, adjacent structures, and usual lymph channels draining the area - ANS-Wide excision Removal of all tumor, lymphatics, adjacent organs, and all tissues in the region - ANSExtended radical excision Mechanisms of action: 1). remove part of the tumor 2). to improve quality of life during the survival time 3). determination of effectiveness of therapy 4). reconstructive or rehabilitative surgery - ANS-1). Control 2). Palliation 3). "second look" 4). like mascectomy Damages DNA of cell; purpose is to destroy cancer cells with minimal exposure of the normal cells to the damaging actions of radiation - ANS-Radiation Most common type is ___ - ANS-I