Nurse Practitioner Certification Examination and Practice Preparation - Fitzgerald, Margaret

An example of a primary prevention measure for a 78-year- old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is: A. reviewing the use of prescribed medications. B. ensuring adequate illumination in the home. C. checking pulmonary function. D. performing a digital rectal examination and fecal occult blood test (FOBT). 2. Which of the following is an example of a primary preven- tion activity in a 76-year-old woman with osteoporosis? A. bisphosphonate therapy B. calcium supplementation C. home survey to identify fall hazards D. use of a back brace 3. Secondary prevention measures for a 78-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease include: A. checking stool for occult blood. B. administering influenza vaccine. C. obtaining a serum theophylline level. D. advising about appropriate use of car passenger restraints. 4. Tertiary prevention measures for a 69-year-old woman with heart failure include: A. administering antipneumococcal vaccine. B. adjusting therapy to minimize dyspnea. C. surveying skin for precancerous lesions. D. reviewing safe handling of food. 5. Which of the following provides passive immunity? A. hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) B. measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine C. pneumococcal conjugate vaccine D. influenza vaccine See full color images of this topic on DavisPlus at | Keyword: Fitzgerald 6. Active immunity is defined as: A. resistance developed in response to an antigen. B. immunity conferred by an antibody produced in another host. C. the resistance of a group to an infectious agent. D. defense against disease acquired naturally by the infant from the mother. ANSWERS 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. A DISCUSSION Primary prevention measures include activities provided to individuals to prevent the onset or acquisition of a given dis- ease. The goal of primary prevention measures is to spare individuals the suffering, burden, and cost associated with the clinical condition. Examples include health-protecting education and counseling, such as encouraging the use of car restraints and bicycle helmets and providing information on accident and fall prevention. Immunizations and chemoprophylaxis are also examples of primary prevention measures. Active immunization through the use of vaccines provides long-term protection from disease. The use of vaccines is preferred to passive immunization through the use of immune globulin (IG) because IG use provides only temporary protection. In herd or community immunity, a significant portion of a given population has immunity against an infectious agent; the likelihood that the susceptible portion of the group would become infected is minimized (Figure 1–1). Secondary prevention measures include activities pro- vided to identify and treat asymptomatic persons who have risk factors for a given disease or in preclinical