CH. 8 Disorders of Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance 2023 already passed

CH. 8 Disorders of Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balanceExtracellular fluid compartment(ECF) - correct answer interstitial(tissue spaces) ECF - correct answer Plasma(vascular)compartment What effect does a potassium level of 7.5 mEq/L have on resting membrane potential (RMP) - correct answer RMP becomes less negative, an it takes less of a stimulus in order for cells to fire. Rationale: A potassium level of 7.5 mEq/L is considered hyperkalemic. In hyperkalemia, RMP is moved closer to the threshold (it becomes less negative). Because RMP is nearer to the threshold, a weaker stimulus will cause the cell to fire (a lesser difference must be overcome). What is the normal level of Calcium? - correct answer Normal level is 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL Calcium - correct answer -Bone strength and stability. -Membrane potentials and excitability. -Contraction of all muscle types. -Clotting. -Second messenger in many hormone and neurotransmitter pathways. What do you test for in Hypocalcemia? - correct answer Hypocalcemia test for Chrostek: tap on facial area and nerves twitch. Test also for Troussea: Inflate BP cuff, inflate 10mmHg higher than normal and fingers will twitch. Hypocalcemia - correct answer -Nerves fire more easily. What is the total serum calcium level of Hypocalcemia - correct answer Less than 8.5mg/dL Hypercalcemia - correct answer -Nerves are less able to fire. What is the total serum calcium concentration greater than for Hypercalcemia? - correct answer Greater than 10.5 Mg/dL. True or False? Both hyperkalemia and hypercalcemia cause cells to fire more easily. - correct answer False Rationale: Hyperkalemia causes cells to fire more easily by moving RMP closer to the threshold, making them more likely to fire. In hypercalcemia, cells are less likely to fire. In hypocalcemia, cells are more likely to fire. What is the normal level of Phosphorus? - correct answer -Normal level is 2.5 to 4.5mg/L. Phosphorus - correct answer -Bone and ATP formation. -Glucose, fat, protein metabolism. -In DNA, RNA, phospholipids. -Acid-base buffer. -RBC, WBC, platelet function. Hyper - correct answer -Muscle spasms. Hypo - correct answer -Decrease bone formation. What is the normal level of Magnesium? - correct answer -Normal level is 1.3 to 2.1mg/dL. Magnesium - correct answer -Cofactor in enzymatic reactions: -ATP production -DNA replication -mRNA production and transmission -Blocks K+ exit from cardiac cells.