10/24/23, 11:02 AM Core Concepts of Nursing Study Guide Exam 2
Core Module 2 Exam Blue Print
Infection and Infections Control
Transmission Based Precautions (6)
Transmission based precautions are used when the route of transmission can’t be stopped by the use of
standard precautions alone. Sometimes more than one precaution may need to be used.
- Airborne Precautions
Used for clients with an infection transmitted by air-borne droplets smaller than 5 microns.
Examples include measles, varicella, and TB
Methods
o Place client in a private, negative air pressure room or with someone that has the same
illness
o Wear respiratory devise (N95) when dealing with TB, be sure to be fitted for it
o Susceptible people should not enter room of chicken pox or measles without mask
o Limit movement of clients outside the room
- Droplet Precautions
Used for clients with an illness transmitted by droplets larger than 5 microns
Examples include diphtheria, Mycoplasma pneumonia, pertussis, mumps, rubella, flu, pneumonia,
and scarlet fever
Methods
o Place client in private room or with someone that has the same illness
o Wear a mask when working within 3 feet of client
o Limit movement of clients outside the room
o Need a mask, gown, and gloves
- Contact Precautions-direct or indirect contact with the patient or patient’s environment
Used for clients with an illness that is easily transmitted by contact with the client and items.
Examples include, GI, respiratory, skin, and wound. Bodily fluids. MRSA and C. diff
Methods
o Place client in private room or with someone that has the same illness
o Wear gloves and cleanse when leaving room, C. diff requires soap and water and clean
surfaces with bleach
o Wear a gown when there is possibility of contact with infected surfaces. Remove in room
o Limit movement outside room and sharing of equipment
Disease Prevention, infections (4)
1. Giving a bed bath? (generally none)
2. Suctioning oral secretions? (gloves and mask/goggles or a face shield) (Respondents may correctly
note that this may depend on whether open or closed suction is being used)
3. Transporting a patient in a wheelchair? (generally none)
4. Responding to an emergency where blood is spurting? (gloves, fluid-resistant gown, mask/goggles
or a face shield)
5. Drawing blood from a vein? (gloves)
6. Cleaning an incontinent patient with diarrhea? (gloves and generally a gown)
7. Irrigating a wound? (gloves, gown, and mask/goggles or a face shield)
8. Taking vital signs? (generally none)
a. Six links in the chain of infection (WHAT CAN NURSES DO TO BREAK THE CHAIN?):
(Handwashing, Environmental cleaning, Wear PPE, Antibiotics (when indicated), Contain
contaminated waste)
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, 10/24/23, 11:02 AM Core Concepts of Nursing Study Guide Exam 2
b. Infectious Agent
c. Reservoir
d. Mode of Exit
e. Mode of Transmission
f. Mode of Entry
g. Susceptible Host
9. Use of antibiotics must be used with caution as antibiotics can suppress or kill the endogenous
(“friendly”) flora that provides protection against drug-resistant micoroorganisms
a. The patient should not be “isolated” from social interactions more than absolutely
necessary to prevent the spread of disease.
b. Visitors can be allowed in most cases
i. Visitors need to check in with nurse / nurse’s station
ii. Visitors will be required to wear appropriate PPE
iii. Visitors will be required to follow transmission based precaution guidelines
- The most effective way to prevent infections is hand hygiene
- Education on immunizations (older adults, children, immunocompromised)
- Good oral hygiene, adequate rest/ nutrition, adequate fluid intake.
- Immobile clients: pulmonary hygiene (cough, incentive spirometer), Prevent skin breakdown
- Use of aseptic technique/ proper PPE, respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
- Healthcare worker precautions
Disinfecting and sterilizing, isolation precautions, isolation practices, PPE
Illness Management, Infections (1)
- Identify the body system and the effects the infection has on that body system
- Observe the manor of presentation
- Identify causative agent and treat accordingly
Laboratory Tests, Infections (1)
- WBC count
Provides clues about the infecting organism and the body’s immune response to it (>10,000)
Number one indication of infection because your body is fighting something off
- WBC differential
Assess number of circulating neutrophils. Increase indicates infections, while decrease indicates a
problem in the bone marrow. Immature neutrophils indicate an acute infection
- Cultures
Used to identify probable microorganisms by their characteristics. After culture, microorganism is
tested with different antibiotics to determine which one is most effective (sensitivity testing), and it
takes 24-28 hours.
- Serological testing
Indirect way of identifying infection by looking at our antibodies (hep b, HIV)
- Antibiotic peak and trough levels
Measuring the blood levels of the prescribed medication. Making sure that it reaches it therapeutic
range, and a range high enough to kill the microorganism
- Radiology, Lumbar puncture, Ultrasound, Urinalysis
Potential Complications from Surgical Procedures (1)
- Wrong person surgery
- Right person, wrong site
- Right person, wrong surgery
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Core Module 2 Exam Blue Print
Infection and Infections Control
Transmission Based Precautions (6)
Transmission based precautions are used when the route of transmission can’t be stopped by the use of
standard precautions alone. Sometimes more than one precaution may need to be used.
- Airborne Precautions
Used for clients with an infection transmitted by air-borne droplets smaller than 5 microns.
Examples include measles, varicella, and TB
Methods
o Place client in a private, negative air pressure room or with someone that has the same
illness
o Wear respiratory devise (N95) when dealing with TB, be sure to be fitted for it
o Susceptible people should not enter room of chicken pox or measles without mask
o Limit movement of clients outside the room
- Droplet Precautions
Used for clients with an illness transmitted by droplets larger than 5 microns
Examples include diphtheria, Mycoplasma pneumonia, pertussis, mumps, rubella, flu, pneumonia,
and scarlet fever
Methods
o Place client in private room or with someone that has the same illness
o Wear a mask when working within 3 feet of client
o Limit movement of clients outside the room
o Need a mask, gown, and gloves
- Contact Precautions-direct or indirect contact with the patient or patient’s environment
Used for clients with an illness that is easily transmitted by contact with the client and items.
Examples include, GI, respiratory, skin, and wound. Bodily fluids. MRSA and C. diff
Methods
o Place client in private room or with someone that has the same illness
o Wear gloves and cleanse when leaving room, C. diff requires soap and water and clean
surfaces with bleach
o Wear a gown when there is possibility of contact with infected surfaces. Remove in room
o Limit movement outside room and sharing of equipment
Disease Prevention, infections (4)
1. Giving a bed bath? (generally none)
2. Suctioning oral secretions? (gloves and mask/goggles or a face shield) (Respondents may correctly
note that this may depend on whether open or closed suction is being used)
3. Transporting a patient in a wheelchair? (generally none)
4. Responding to an emergency where blood is spurting? (gloves, fluid-resistant gown, mask/goggles
or a face shield)
5. Drawing blood from a vein? (gloves)
6. Cleaning an incontinent patient with diarrhea? (gloves and generally a gown)
7. Irrigating a wound? (gloves, gown, and mask/goggles or a face shield)
8. Taking vital signs? (generally none)
a. Six links in the chain of infection (WHAT CAN NURSES DO TO BREAK THE CHAIN?):
(Handwashing, Environmental cleaning, Wear PPE, Antibiotics (when indicated), Contain
contaminated waste)
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, 10/24/23, 11:02 AM Core Concepts of Nursing Study Guide Exam 2
b. Infectious Agent
c. Reservoir
d. Mode of Exit
e. Mode of Transmission
f. Mode of Entry
g. Susceptible Host
9. Use of antibiotics must be used with caution as antibiotics can suppress or kill the endogenous
(“friendly”) flora that provides protection against drug-resistant micoroorganisms
a. The patient should not be “isolated” from social interactions more than absolutely
necessary to prevent the spread of disease.
b. Visitors can be allowed in most cases
i. Visitors need to check in with nurse / nurse’s station
ii. Visitors will be required to wear appropriate PPE
iii. Visitors will be required to follow transmission based precaution guidelines
- The most effective way to prevent infections is hand hygiene
- Education on immunizations (older adults, children, immunocompromised)
- Good oral hygiene, adequate rest/ nutrition, adequate fluid intake.
- Immobile clients: pulmonary hygiene (cough, incentive spirometer), Prevent skin breakdown
- Use of aseptic technique/ proper PPE, respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
- Healthcare worker precautions
Disinfecting and sterilizing, isolation precautions, isolation practices, PPE
Illness Management, Infections (1)
- Identify the body system and the effects the infection has on that body system
- Observe the manor of presentation
- Identify causative agent and treat accordingly
Laboratory Tests, Infections (1)
- WBC count
Provides clues about the infecting organism and the body’s immune response to it (>10,000)
Number one indication of infection because your body is fighting something off
- WBC differential
Assess number of circulating neutrophils. Increase indicates infections, while decrease indicates a
problem in the bone marrow. Immature neutrophils indicate an acute infection
- Cultures
Used to identify probable microorganisms by their characteristics. After culture, microorganism is
tested with different antibiotics to determine which one is most effective (sensitivity testing), and it
takes 24-28 hours.
- Serological testing
Indirect way of identifying infection by looking at our antibodies (hep b, HIV)
- Antibiotic peak and trough levels
Measuring the blood levels of the prescribed medication. Making sure that it reaches it therapeutic
range, and a range high enough to kill the microorganism
- Radiology, Lumbar puncture, Ultrasound, Urinalysis
Potential Complications from Surgical Procedures (1)
- Wrong person surgery
- Right person, wrong site
- Right person, wrong surgery
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