APEA Exam Questions & Answers 2023

Gestational diabetes screening occurs between what weeks gestation? - 24-48 When you ask the patient to take a deep breath in and then palpate over the RUQ abdomen. Positive when pain is elicited. This is a sign of ___________. - Murphy's sign; cholecystitis What are names of LABA medications? - salmeterol What is encopresis in children? - stool incontinence after the age of being toilet trained The medical term for being cross-eyed - strabismus What is atopic dermatitis? - eczema Tests used to diagnose developmental hip dysplasia - Barlow and Ortolani maneuvers What is the female athlete triad? - disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis How do patients with aortic regurgitation typically present? - they will have a long asymptomatic period followed by exercise intolerance, then dyspnea at rest. The left ventricle eventually fails unless the aortic valve is replaced. What does the rash of fifth disease (a viral exanthem) look like? - maculopapular rash that blanches easily and may be accompanied by joint aches What cardiac abnormalities are expected to be heard on auscultation of a pregnant patient? - a venous hum murmur and an S3 When a headache accompanies a stroke, is this most often hemorrhagic or ischemic? - hemorrhagic AV nicking is most commonly seen on retinal exam of which chronic condition? - hypertensionWithin 6 months of being started on a TCA or SSRI, what is a common side effect that occurs? - weight gain When does otitis media with effusion usually occur? - either before or after an episode of acute otitis media. This effusion is not infected fluid but it is considered a breeding ground for bacteria. This should not be treated with antibiotics. The medical term for jock itch - tinea cruris Tinea cruris "jock itch" is a common __________ infection and should be treated with what? - fungal; OTC antifungal cream What are teaching points for males to avoid contracting tinea cruris? - dry off after swimming and don't stay in a wet bathing suit Tinea cruris can affect the inner thighs but never what else? - the penis or scrotum On microscopic exam, what is most likely to be seen in the presence of a bacterial infection? - cocci and rods On microscopic exam, what is most likely to be seen in the presence of a candidal infection? - yeasts What are dermatophytes? - fungi On microscopic exam, what is most likely to be seen in the presence of a dermatophytic (fungal) infection? - hyphae that are long, thin, and branching (such as in the case of tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis) The medical term for ringworm - tinea corporis What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia in peds? - RSV Viral pneumonia is the most common type of pneumonia in children of what ages? - 6 months to 5 years What is the simplest way to screen for nutritional adequacy in older adults? - measure their weight How are scabies treated? - via permethrin and good hygieneWhat are common side effects of NSAIDs? - renal impairment, acute renal failure, gastritis