Praxis 5362 Culture (2023/2024) Rated A

Praxis 5362 Culture (2023/2024) Rated A cultural norms set of behaviors and beliefs shared by people cultural competence behaviors, attitudes that allow people to work effectively and appropriately low-context culture communicate information in direct, explicit, and precise ways high-context culture communicate in ways that are implicit and rely heavily on nonverbal language paralanguage vocal but nonverbal elements of speech culturally relevant teaching pedagogy that makes modifications in instructional strategies to account for diversity reciprocal teaching students take turns leading the class discussion assimilation process by which community members are absorbed into another, generally larger, community deculturation a loss of culture acculturation process of learning and adopting new features of a new culture marginalization certain groups are made inferior in society Meyer v. Nebraska the state of NE banned faculty from teaching any language but English (1923) Mendez v. Westminister This court case decided that segregation of Mexican-American children without specific state law is unconstitutional. Lau v. Nichols (1974) A civil rights case brought by Chinese Americans living in SF, CA who had limited English proficiency. Students claimed they were entitled to school under Title VI of the civil rights act of 1964. Court ruled that districts must take action t overcome ESL barriers. Submersion is unconstitutional (but did not specify what needs to be offered). Castaneda v. Pickard 1981 - set the standard for the courts in examining programs for LEP students -- accountability for ESL programs 1. pedgaogically sound plan for LEP students 2. qualified staff to implement plan 3. system established to evaluate the program ** doesn't require bilingual education Plyler v. Doe In 1982, the Supreme Court rules in Plyler v. Doe , 457 U.S. 202 (1982), that public schools were prohibited from denying immigrant students access to a public education. The Court stated that undocumented children have the same right to a free public education as U.S. citizens and permanent residents. Undocumented immigrant students are obligated, as are all other students, to attend school until they reach the age mandated by state law. wraparound services a service delivery model in which needs are met through collaboration of many agencies and systems (education, mental health, social services, community) natural supports assistance rendered by family members, friends, teachers, and coworkers ability grouping castaneda v. pickard addressed this issue equal educational opportunity Lau v. Nichols clarified that ELLS desired this as part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Programs should have: 1. basis in sound educational theory 2. appropriate staff and materials to help ELLs with language limitations 3. system of period evaluation and revision if necessary bilingual education act Directed school districts to set up classes for immigrants in their own language while they were learning English; 1968 advocacy before a teacher speaks on behalf of her students; identify a legal or ethical reason to advocate; identify the persons who help change the situation; propose specific action that leads to positive change ethnography cultural and social patterns of speech variation within a culture social class children from higher classes tend to enunciate their words and ends of words more than lower classes is an example of variance due to _____ dialect a variety of language that has unique pronunciation and grammar rules but is still mutually comprehensible to other speakers of the same language modals in dialects of southern English, _____ can be doubled. Examples are might, may, could, should, etcd sociolinguist a person's socioeconomic status, where a person lives and the age of a person are of interest to a ____ when studying a person's use of the language social meaning In the field of sociolinguistics, style is most closely associated with ______ conversational implicature another term for pragmatics Ohio this state was the 1st to adopt a bilingual education law Paralinguistic features related to body language - it is the use of gestures, facial expressions + other non-verbal elements [such as laughter] to add meaning to the speakers message beyond the words being spoken proxemic communication communicating by varying the physical distance in face-to-face interactions integrative motivation refers to learning a language in order to become an integrated member of a particular society Back chanelling Short utterances people make when listening to others speak, to be supportive or non-committal - yeah, I see, I know, mmhhmm extralinguistic context The social and physical setting in which an utterance is encountered; usually, cues within this setting guide the interpretation of the utterance. hypercorrection using the wrong word or form because it seems more correct or prestigious self-perception theory The theory that when our attitudes and feelings are uncertain or ambiguous, we infer these states by observing our behavior and the situation in which it occurs diglossia when two dialects of the same language exist in the same community and are used in different contexts: often formal vs. casual (academic/professional vs. "street"