TESOL Praxis 5362 Latest 2023 Graded A+

TESOL Praxis 5362 Latest 2023 Graded A+ phonology Study of a sound system of language Generation 1.5 kids born elsewhere but heavily socialized in the us Plyler v Doe states can't deny education for illegal immigrants amendment 14 ELL English Language Learner CALP (Cognitive academic language proficiency) the language ability needed for learning academic skills Inflectional adds es, s, ed, ing, er does not change the meaning of the word Idiom an expression whose meanings cannot be inferred from the meanings of the words that make it up- Don't cry over spiled milk Partial Immersion half of the day spent learning L2 Nonverbal communication communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech Intonation rise and fall of the voice pitch Free morpheme A morpheme that can stand alone as a word. Minimal pairs A pair of words that differ by only a single sound and are recognized by speakers as different words. i.e. bat/cat or hare/dare Lexical ambiguity A situation in which a word has two or more meanings. Example: pen-writing instrument pen- a place where pigs live Look by the pen 9.7% What percent yearly is the ELL population growing pragmatics the study of language use Castaneda v Pickard 1981 Court mandated a 3-step process to develop quality bilingual education: programs based on research, have adequate resources and provide opportunities for students to have access to the full curriculum. Lau v Nichols 1974 States must provide bilingual education or some type of support for students whose native language is not English. Must have equal access to education NCLB 2001 Pres. Bush designed to promote "standards-based education reform" via assessments that measure yearly progress Tesol Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages ESOL English for speakers of other languages ESL English as a second language EFL English as a Foreign Language Phonemes Are distinctive sound units that "Make a difference" when sounds form words. phonemic sequence permissible patterns for combing phonemes phonemic syllabication word ends in a consonant sound and the next word starts with a vowel Ex: has it, give it, give up Stress changes the meaning of words Ex: H/e did that? He d/id that? He did th/at? Intonation rise and fall of the voice, doesn't change word meaning. Emotions, anger, impatience Morphology The study of word formation, deals with the internal structure of words within language Functional words words that we can't do without, (i.e. I me mine, he she) Lexical words Relate directly to objects, ideas, actions and description. They have a definable meaning. morpheme in language, the smallest unit that carries meaning Free morpheme A morpheme that can stand alone as a word ex house Bound Morpheme has to be attached to something else for it to mean something geo-graph-y (geo, y) Derivational morphemes affixes that can be added to a morpheme to change its meaning and may change its part of speech ex non, un, re Inflectional morphemes Examples: er, es, ing, Do not change the syntactic classification, and typically follow derivational morphemes. Syntax the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences Syntactical Rules for the formation of grammatical sentences in a language Lexical ambiguity when a word has two or more meanings. Example: 1. pen-writing instrument 2. pen- a place where pigs live Semantics the study of meaning in language Lexical Decomposition breaking down words into their more basic meaning "components" or semantic features Synonyms words that have similar meanings gradable antonyms stand on either side of a spectrum. Big, and small, hot and cold. There are things in the middle. converse antonyms Under above, doctor patient entailment The meaning of the Word is logically connected to another word. piglet is connected to a pig heteronym one of two or more words that are spelled alike but have different meanings and pronunciations, such as bass voice and bass, a fish discourse extended verbal expression in speech or writing, or to carry on a conversation dialect a form of language spoken by people in a particular region or group