ESL PRAXIS 5362 Latest 2023 Graded A

ESL PRAXIS 5362 Latest 2023 Graded A Inter-language Strategy used by second language learner to compensate for lack of proficiency. the learners' language system is neither that of his mother tongue nor that of the second language, but contains elements of both. errors need to be seen as evidence of the learner's developing system. Overgeneralization Inter language strategy- attempts to apply a rule across the board w/o regard for exceptions. Bended vs bent. Simplification L2 learner uses resources that require limited vocabulary to aid comprehension and allows the learner to listen, read, and speak in the L2 at a very elementary language. Language interference / Negative transfer When L1 affects L2 in pronunciation, grammar structures, vocabulary and semantics. Spanish has no /z/ sound so zoo may become sue. Fossilization L1 learner reaches a plateau and accepts a less than fluent level which prevents fluency in L2. interlanguage errors continue to appear in performance regardless of further exposure to the target language. 'Dat' for 'that' is an example. Phonemes speech sounds Graphemes written symbols Top Down Strategy Approach to process modeling that start with the big picture and drills down. Deductive reasoning. Emphasis on the global meaning of the test. Title length, typeface, pictures are studied. Make guesses as to what's going to happen; anticipate contents of text. Ex: guided reading. Bottom Down Strategy Inductive reasoning. Readers goes from words and phrases to general understanding; Less Preferred; May read all texts at the same speed Cognates Words that mean the same in two different languages. Words with similar roots in L1 and L2. Should be pointed out to students (escuela and school). Direct Method Berlitz- teacher centered. Does not use L1 mother language. Direct association of words and phrases with objects and ideas. Grammar rules are not taught. Rules of language are internalized through the use of language. No translation, realia used, question- answer exercises. Students listen to dialogue, then answer a series of questions, visual aids & pantomime used. Whole Language Approach Develop all 4 language skills through an integated approach. Top down approach. 4 language skills = listening, speaking, reading, writing. LANGUAGE EXPERIENCE APPROACH An approach to literacy based on the assumption that students' prior experiences need to be used as a bridge to new ideas and concepts vs basal readers. examples include having ESLs write a response of what they got for xmas, what happened at the assembly they just attended, etc. Pull Out Models 1. Grammar based ESL 2. Communication based ESL 3. Content Based ESL occurs when students are pulled out to work with another teacher, para-pro, or other support staff. TESOL Teachers of English Speakers of Other Languages Sheltered Instruction Integrates content with English Language Instruction. when the mainstream teacher is teaching but making the content comprehensible through ESL research-based strategies. This can be done with only ELs or in a combination of ELs and grade-level peers. S.D.A.I.E. Sheltered instruction specially designed in English Castaneda v. Pickard A major outcome of this case is a three-pronged test to determine whether schools are taking "appropriate action" to address the needs of ELLs as required by the EEOA. ESL programs must be (1) based on a sound educational theory, (2) implemented effectively with sufficient resources and personnel, and (3) evaluated to determine whether they are effective in helping students overcome language barriers