Science Praxis 5005 Elementary Education 100% Correct

Science Praxis 5005 Elementary Education 100% Correct Plate tectonics Movement of continents and changes in the Earth's crust caused by internal forces Atmosphere dry gas (nitrogen, oxygen, argon carbon dioxide), water vapor, solid particles Troposphere closest to Earth's surface (weather related activities) Stratosphere Very little water, ozone layer Mesosphere Coldest layer Thermosphere Layer extends upward into space Mountains are caused by... volcanic action or tectonic plate collisions Folding folding of rock layers, usually sedimentary rocks Faulting Fractures in Earth's crust because of tension Volcanoes are... the movement of magma through the crust and its emergence as lava onto the Earth's surface Active, Dormant, Extinct, and volcanoes currently/building up to an eruption, between eruptions but internal activity, and no longer erupting Igneous rock formation Intrusive: formed below Earth's surface. Extrusive: formed at Earth's surface Sedimentary Rocks created when fluid sediments are transformed into solid rocks. Cementation is when sediments are converted to sedimentary rocks Igneous Rocks classified according to their texture, composition, and the way they formed. Made from magma (molten Rock) Metamorphic rocks formed by high temperatures and great pressure. Process is called metamorphism. Minerals natural, nonliving solids with a defined chemical composition and crystalline structure Glaciers bodies of ice that move over the land due to gravity. Fossil remains or trace of an ancient organism Erosion transportation of surface materials by another moveable material (water, wind, ice) Deposition AKA Sedimentation, process by which material from one area is slowly deposited into another area. result of matter being eroded. Weathering breaking down of rocks at or near the Earth's Surface The several eras precambrain (no life), paleozoic (continents and sea animals), Mesozoic (reptiles, new landforms), Cenozoic (ice age, mammals, humans evolving) Stratigraphy process of determining the age of rocks Absolute Dating the use of radioactivity to determine Earth's age Planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune Mercury Closest planet to the sun Jupiter Largest planet in the Solar System Uranus Third largest planet - gaseous planet Pluto dwarf planet Sun: The Core inner portion of the sun - fusion takes place Sun: photosphere surface of the sun, produces sunspots Sun: chromosphere Hydrogen gas causes this portion to be red Sun: The corona The transparent area of the sun visible only during a total eclipse. Stars a ball of hot, glowing gas that is hot enough and dense enough to trigger nuclear reactions. How do astronomers measure the brightness of a star? astronomers measure the brightness of a star by measuring its magnitude. Constellations groups or patterns of stars Familiar constellations Ursa Major (Big bear), Ursa Minor (Little Bear), Big Dipper, Little Dipper Galaxies