Praxis 5038 Latest 2023 with Certified Solutions

Praxis 5038 Latest 2023 with Certified Solutions Anapestic Meter poetic feet are short-short-long, usually in a limerick. Anaphora Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several clauses Anxiety of influence Writers are filled with anxiety and have no new ideas, so they struggle against previous generations of writers (Harold Bloom) Aphorism Short, witty, wise saying Apostrophe A turn from the general audience to address a specific group of persons (or a personified abstraction) who is absent Assonance Repetition of the same sound in words close to one another ("white stripes") Caesura A break in the rhythm of language, particularly a natural pause in a line of verse Conceit a specific type of metaphor that compares two things that are very different. The reader is aware of the dissimilarities between the two things, but a conceit broadens the reader's awareness of the complexity of the things and provides a clever juxtaposition. Extended metaphor. Consonance Repetition of the final consonant sound in words ("stroke of luck") Dactyl Metrical foot of three syllables, first syllable is stressed & next two are unstressed Death of the author Separates the author from the work Enjambment Run-on line (poetry). A sentence in poetry carries over from line to line Epithet Descriptive word or phrased used to refer to a person or thing ("the father of psychology" is Sigmund Freud) Hermeneutics Science of text interpretation Heroic Couplet Two rhyming lines of poetic verse written in iambic pentameter Dramatic Irony The reader sees a character's errors, but the character does not Verbal Irony The writer says one thing and means another Situational Irony The purpose of a particular action differs greatly from the result Malapropism An accidental pun or play on words that occurs because two words got mixed up in the speaker's mind (Who's on first?) Metonymy One word is substituted for another with which it is closely associated Pathetic fallacy Attributing human feelings to inanimate objects or animals Spondee Metrical foot with two stressed syllables Synesthesia Juxtaposition of one sensory image with another that appeals to an unrelated sense (Dante's "the region where the sun is silent") Sestina poem with six stanzas of six lines and a final triplet, all stanzas have the same six words at the line ends in six different sequences that follow a fixed pattern Villanelle 19-line poem consisting of five tercets (three-line stanzas) with the rhyme scheme ABA and a final quatrain of ABAA Gothic Subgenre of Romanticism characterized by dark and picturesque scenery, startling and melodramatic narrative devices, and n overall atmosphere of mystery and dread Picaresque novel Features a rogue main character living by his or her wits and told in a string of loosely connected events (Huck Finn) Epitaph Phrase or statement written in memory of a person, especially on a tombstone How to foster students' motivation to read and learn Use non-print materials (Internet, film, music, art) Help students improve their digital literacy Create authentic literacy experiences Connect students' prior knowledge and interests with texts Read aloud Select good texts & other lesson materials Activating prior knowledge Use concrete experience or opject, pretest, have preparational discussions, anticipation guides Comprehension strategies Identifying important information Predicting and verifying Summarizing and note-taking Identifying cause and effect Making inferences Synthesizing Visualizing Metacognition Thinking about thinking. Have students think about their reading and writing processes, analyzing and understanding what goes on in their minds Reciprocal teaching Two students take turns reading aloud, asking one another questions, clarifying understanding, and making predictions. Reciprocal questioning Like reciprocal teaching, but teacher works with whole class taking turns reading aloud Questioning Bloom's taxonomy. Teachers should use questions that mandate students to function on multiple levels of Bloom's taxonomy Scaffolding "Uplifting instruction" - provide structural support to a student in a learning situation. As they become more capable, gradually remove your support. Active reading annotation, notes, questioning, summaries, verbal explanation. Anticipation Guide Like a pretest, but not a test; a series of open-ended questions or opinion questions that address various themes, vocab words, and concepts that will appear in an upcoming text. Graphic organizers Concept map Semantic feature analysis matrix venn diagram cause and effect cycle map sequence problem and solution continuum SQ3R Approach to note-taking (survey, question, read, recite, review) Phonology The analysis of how sounds function in a language or dialect Morphology The study of the structure of words Compound Sentence Two independent clauses Complex Sentence One independent clause, one or more dependent clauses. Compound-complex sentence two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses Antecedent Noun to which a pronoun refers Ambiguity A word has two or more meanings Connotation The associations connected to a certain word or the emotional suggestions related to it Doublespeak Languge intended to be evasive or to conceal, or to make negative concepts less harsh ("passed away" for died, "let go" for got fired, etc.) Jargon The specialized language of a particular group or culture. Meiosis A witty understatement that dismisses or diminishes someone or something ('tis but a flesh wound) Teaching Vocabulary Works better when you link words and roots of words with one another and with themes/concepts, as opposed to memorization of definitions Personal Writing Journal writing, autobiographies, diaries, blogs, essays, etc. Workplace Writing Resumes, cover letters, applications, business letters, etc. Subject writing Interviews, accounts, profiles, & descriptions written to capture the meaning of the subject being written about Creative writing Stories, poetry, drama, etc. Implies audience (without an audience, it's kind of like personal writing) Persuasive writing Rhetorical strategies, editorials, arguments, commentaries, advertisements Scholarly writing Essays, research papers, bibliographies Stages of the Writing Process 1. Prewriting 2. Drafting 3. Revising 4. Editing 5. Publishing 6. Evaluating Evaluating Source Materials 1. Check author, year published, publisher, etc. 2. Read a portion of the material. 3. For digital sources, also check: - Purpose - Authority - Currency - Reliability - Coverage Writing Workshop - Starts with a mini-lesson led by the teacher or a capable student, based on individual and group instructional needs - Teacher asks each student to provide a brief update on what he or she will be working on during the workshop - Writing time, students work alone or with a partner or the teacher to advance through the stages of the writing process. Teacher confers with students. Optional peer revising or editing. - Sharing, teacher selects a few students to share aspects of their writing Speaking & Discussion Skills Focus on one topic Set specific goals and deadlines Pose and respond to specific questions with elaboration and detail, citing texts as appropriate Review key ideas, understand multiple perspectives Interpret multimedia information and explain how it contributes to the discussion or topic Present an argument using specific claims, evidence, and effective rhetorical devices Listening Skills Pay attention to nonverbal cues Face the speaker and maintain eye contact Be attentive Be open-minded Evaluate the speaker's point of view Don't interrupt Wait for the speaker to pause before you start speaking Check for understanding and ask good questions Empathize with the speaker Provide regular feedback to the speaker Delineate a speaker's argument and specific claims Methods to teach Speaking & Listening Debate, dialogue, fishbowl, inside circle/outside circle, panel, performance, presentation, socratic seminar, speech, TED talk, think-pair-share Fishbowl Small portion of the class sits in a circle in the center of the class and engages in dialogue. The rest of the class listens to and observes the fishbowl. Teacher occasionally pauses conversation to hear feedback from listeners, and teacher chooses new students for the fishbowl. Think-pair-share Students gather their own thoughts individually and pair up with a nearby classmate and share their thoughts on the topic Classification structure Writer explains the relationships between terms or concepts Illustration structure Topic sentence is stated and followed by details Climax structure Details stated first, followed by topic sentence Location structure Writer describes a person place, or thing and organizes the description in a logical manner Ad hominem argument Attacks a person rather than their position; relies on feelings or prejudice rather than logic and reason.