Praxis 5004 - World History and Economics (2023/2024) Already Passed

Praxis 5004 - World History and Economics (2023/2024) Already Passed Paleolithic and Neolithic Periods Hunter-gatherer and agricultural revolution Mesopotamia (c. 3500-c. 2350 BCE) Formed at the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers - Invented writing, military expertise, city-states, Code of Hammurabi. Sumer constructed dikes and reservoirs. Invention of writing in 3500 BCE marks the beginning of civilization. Iraq Shatt Al - Arab - largest Date Palm forest Ancient Egypt (c. 2711-c. 1090 BCE) Influence of geography, hieroglyphics and Rosetta Stone, religious rulership, pyramids and the Valley of Kings. Indus River Valley (c. 2500-c. 1750 BCE) Importance of water, city planning, agriculture. Civilization developed on the Indus River floodplain. Today part of Afghanistan, Pakistan and north-western India. Well-organized, their drainage systems, wells and water storage systems were the most sophisticated in the ancient world. They also developed system of weights and trade Greece (c. 2000-c. 300BCE) Mythology, social structure, citizenship and democracy. Organized around polis, city-states. Democratic governments replaced tyrants around end of 6th c. The Classical Age (Philosophy --Socrates, Plato, Aristotle) SPA Darius I Tried to conquer the Greeks Contributions of Greece The Olympics, theater, advancements in science, art, great works of literature, amazing architecture, philosophy, mathematics, and the world's first democratic government Athens vs. Sparta Democratic; trade and agriculture, military service optional, cosmopolitan; Oligarchic, mandatory military, agriculture Early china (c. 1500-c. 771 BCE) XSZ - 3 dynasties - Xai, Shang, Zhou Ancestor worship, manorialism (lords and peasants worked together to support one another. The wealth of the lords came by the labors of the peasants who worked their lands. In return, the lords protected the peasants, offered them shelter, and insured that they were fed). Health discoveries (ex. acupunture) Agriculture (ex. the wheelbarrow and chain pump) war fare (ex. iron weapons) silk, and the making of paper. Most of these discoveries were made in the Han Dynasty. Chinese Imperial Government Chinese civilization originated in the Yellow River Valley. Three dynasties ruled early China: Xai, the Shang ( BCE) and Zhou (1122-211 BCE) Buddhism The teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, Confucianism The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct. After the Zhou Dynasty fell China welcomed this philosophy Taoism Philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events Great Wall of China Created to keep out invaders. generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China Quin Dynasty Build Great Wall of China 4 Major Inventions from China Paper making, printing, compasses and gunpowder Olmec society in Mesoamerica (c. 1200-c. 400 BCE)