Child psych questions with 100% correct answers 2023 passed

Child psych Sensori-Motor Stage - correct answer Piagets first stage of cognitive development during which children change from basic reflexive behaviour to beginnings of symbolic thought and goal directed behaviours. First organized patterns of intelligent behavior - correct answer Problem solving ability, verbal ability, social competence Assimilation, Accommodation - correct answer Assimilation- Applying an existing schema to a new experience Accommodation- Modifying an existing schema to fit a new experience Pre-Operational Stage of Piaget's theory - correct answer In this stage, the ability to use symbols facilitates the learning of language, this stage is also marked by semi logical reasoning, egocentricity- in which the child sees the world from her own point of view- and intuitive behaviour, in which the child can solve problems using mental operations but cannot explain how she did so. Substages of Piaget's pre-operational stage - correct answer The two substages: Preconceptual substage (2-4 years): the childs thought is characterized by the emergence of symbolic function, the rapid development of language, animistic thinking and egocentricity Intuitive substage (4-7 years): the child begins to solve problems by using mental operations but cannot explain how she arrives at solutions. Limits in the Pre conceptual stage - correct answer Conservation- the understanding that altering an objects or a substances appearances does not change its basic attributes or properties. The child must recognise that even when an objects appearance is altered in some way, the objects basic attributes or properties remain the same. e.g when a child has two glasses of different shapes and size, the amount of liquid is the same even though the glasses are different. Reversibility- the understanding that the steps of a procedure or operation can be reversed and that the original state of the object or event can be obtained. To not understand reversibility, the child cannot mentally reverse or undo an action. e.g. e.g. for the different glasses and water, the children do not understand that if the waters are poured into the same kinds of glasses, the glasses will reach the same height as they have the same amount of water. Concrete Operational Stage & Formal Operational Stage - correct answer Concrete operational stage- stage in which the child is able to reason logically about materials that are physically present. Children understand reversibility and are able to attend more than one dimension of a problem at a time. When the memory demands of a task are limited, children are able tome logical inferences without the materials being present Formal operational- stage in which the child becomes capable of abstract thinking, complex reasoning and hypothesis testing. Different from concrete due to the changes in flexibility and complexity of the thought process, the use of mental hypothesis testing and the ability to entertain many possible alternatives when solving problems. Think abstractly. Are able to provide several possible alternatives in problem solving situations. Types of conservation tasks (theres 7) - correct answer Number- Experimenter shows two rows of plastic chips, child agree there are the same number in each row. Then, experimenters increase the lengths of one row by adding space between the chips and asks the child whether each row still has the same number of chips. Mass- Experimenter presents child with two identical balls of clay or plasticine. Child agrees that each has the same amount. Then, experimenter rolls one ball into a sausage form and asks the child whether the two objects have the same amount. Length-Experimenter places two sticks of equal length in front of child, agrees they are same length. Experimenter moves one of the sticks to the right and asks if they are still the same length. Liquids- Experimenter fills two glasses of the same size and shape to the same level of water. Experimenter pours one glass into a taller, thinner glass and asks if they still have the same amount. Area- Experimenter shows child two sheets of cardboard, on each of which square blocks are placed in identical positions. Child agrees the same amount of uncovered area. Experimenter then scatters the clocks on one piece and asks if they still have the same uncovered area. Weight- Experimenter places two balls of clay on same size scale and asks the child if they weight the same. Experimenter then flattens one ball and before replacing them on the scale asks if they still weigh the same. Volume- Experimenter drops each of to balls of clay of the same size into two glasses of water, the child has already agreed that the glasses have the same amount of water. Experimenter then removes one piece of clay and reshapes it and before putting it back into the glass, asks the child if the water level will be higher, lower or the same. Perspective Taking - correct answer To test a child's ability to see things from another persons perspective, Piaget deigned the three-mountains test. Models of three mountains of varying sizes are placed on a square table with four chairs around it. The child is seated in one chair and the experimenter places a doll in each of the other three chairs one at a time, and each time asks the child to describe