UTMB Advanced Pathophysiology 5355 Module 6.1 Cardiovascular Exam Study Questions With 100% Correct Answers.

Normal function of Nitric Oxide - potent vasodilator, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic. Normally balanced with endothelin. Normal function of Endothelin - Potent vasoconstrictor that raises blood pressure. Normally balanced with Nitric oxide. cardiomyopathy - disease of the heart muscle, can be primary or secondary Dilated Cardiomyopathy - increase compliance in ventricle, higher volumes but decreased contractility hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - usually inherited, heart muscle enlarges and thickens without obvious cause restrictive cardiomyopathy - ventricles become stiff and rigid but walls of heart do not thicken, ventricles do not relax and fill with normal blood volume Arrhythmogenic RV Cardiomyopathy - rare type, muscle tissue in R ventricle is replaced with fatty/fibrous tissue causing arrhythmias How does smoking contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease? - Nicotine stimulates release of catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) which are potent vasoconstrictors. Increases heart rate and blood pressure, which increase cardiac workload . Cigarettes are associated with increased LDL, decrease HDL, and contributes to vessel inflammation and thrombosis. generates free radicals. Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease causes inflammation and triggering of cytokines that increase protease activity and inhibit normal endogenous antiproteases in lung.RAAS and Cardiovascular System: - the renin angiotensin system causes retention of sodium and water which causes an increase in blood pressure