TAMU Biology 112 EXAM 1 Questions and Answers Graded A

TAMU Biology 112 EXAM 1 Questions and Answers Graded A What are the fundamental elements of science ? 1. Without data, you are just a loud mouh with an option 2. use info and critical thinking to solve problems. 3. science is not afraid to change its mind based on new evidence 4. 1 time does not make a pattern our brains runs on glucose What is evolution? Species change over time. All species alive now came from previously existing life forms. It is a descent with modification which is the change in heritable phenotype traits of biological population over successive generation. What is Anthropocentric ? Considering humans as the most significant entity in the universe What 3 mechanisms cause allele frequency change? 1. natural selection 2. genetic drift 3. gene flow What is microevolution? Change in allele frequencies in a population over generations. "P+Q" What were Darwin's observations? Different versions of species in different areas, fossils showed similar species to today. Darwin observed the beak shapes of various finch species and discovered that the beaks of an ancestral species had adapted over time to equip different food sources. What is desiccation? extreme dryness, dehydration Finish the following statement: Nature_____ teleological which essentially means that nature_______ have a plan, purpose or motive. Nature is not teleological which essentially means that nature does not have a plan, purpose or motive. Finish the following statement: Extinction is the ____, Survival is the ____ of the rule. Extinction is the rule, Survival is the exception of the rule What is the difference between extinct and extant ? Extinct : no longer alive- gone Extant: still living What are the different types of Natural Selection ? 1. Artificial selection 2. Divergent 3. Correctional 4. Stabilizing 5. Correctional Remember this statement : " Populations evolve, people do not !! " Individuals change all the time but populations evolve. What is convergence? Similarities occur not because of common ancestry but because of different environmental pressures. What is the difference between homologous and analogous ? Homologous : Last common ancestor but they evolve to have different structures What are species? A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring. What is allopatric speciation? involves geographic isolation which results in speciation. 1) Dispersal 2) adaptive radiation 3) vicariance Allo= separate What is Sympatric Speciation? Occurs in the same geographical areas. Sym= together What is reproductive isolation? the inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic barriers or differences What is a prezygotic barrier? block fertilization from occurring. Prevents from Sperm and egg to come together. What is habitat isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation? Habitat isolation: 2 species live in the same area but different habitats. Temporal Isolation: reproductively viable in different seasons . Behavioral Isolation: courtship rituals and other behaviors unique to a species are effective barriers to mating. What is Mechanical isolation? One prezygotic reproductive barrier is mechanical isolation. This evolutionary mechanism is when different species are isolated by their mechanics - the genitalia of the males and females may have different sizes, shapes, or locations. What is gametic isolation? a type of prezygotic barrier where the gametes (egg and sperm) come into contact, but no fertilization takes place. What are cladistics? study and classification of species based on evolutionary relationships such as common ancestry. REMEMEBER THIS : The greater the barriers subdivide a region the greater the degree to which speciation will occur !!!