Evolution Latest 2023 Already Graded A

Evolution Latest 2023 Already Graded A Homologous Structure Features that are similar in structure but appear in different organisms and have different functions. Their appearance across different species offer strong evidence for common descent. Ex. Bat wings and human hands have similar structure but different uses. Vestigial Structure Remnants of organs or structures that had a function in an early ancestor. Ex. Snakes have tiny pelvic bones and hind limbs that are homologous to the pelvic bones of tetrapods. Analogous Structure Structures that perform a similar function but are not similar in origin. Ex. Bat wings and fly wings are both used in flying but they do not have different origin and structure. Divergent Evolution When closely related species evolve in different directions. Ex. You see this in the way that the kit Fox and red Fox ,though closely related, are different because of adapting to different environments. Convergent Evolution Evolution toward similar characteristics in unrelated species. Ex. Dolphins and sharks have similar tails despite being deferential species because of their environment. This is through convergent evolution. Natural Selection The mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals. Co-evolution The process in which two or more species evolve in response to changes in each other. Ex. The relationship of the stinging ant and acacia plant developed through this. Endosymbiosis A relationship in which one organism loves within the body of another, and both benefit from the relationship. Reproductive Isolation Occurs when members of different populations can no longer mate successfully with one another or when living offspring can not survive and reproduce. Geographic Isolation Isolation that involves physical barriers that divide the population into two or more groups. Behavioral Isolation Isolation caused by differences in courtship or mating behavior. Temporal Isolation Exists when timing prevents reproduction between populations. Ex. When two different populations mate at different times of the year. Variation The difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in the group to which it belongs.