OSX_Microbiology_TestBank_Ch16 Disease and Epidemiology

1. Which term refers to the study of the geographic distribution of disease and its transmission? A. epidemiology* B. etiology C. morbidology D. pathology Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 2. Which term refers to the study of the cause of disease? A. epidemiology B. etiology* C. morbidology D. pathology Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 3. Tetanus, which is caused by Clostridium tetani, is an example of which type of disease? A. endemic B. epidemic C. pandemic D. sporadic* Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 4. Malarial disease in Brazil is an example of which type of disease? A. endemic* B. epidemic C. pandemic D. sporadic Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 5. Examine the map below. The color distribution on the map is best described as which type of disease? A. endemic B. epidemic C. pandemic* D. sporadic Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 6. Robert Koch was the first to conclusively determine the causative agent of which disease? A. anthrax* B. gonorrhea C. syphilis D. tuberculosis Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 7. Which of the following most specifically describes a notifiable disease? A. any disease caused by a prion B. any disease of public health importance* C. any disease that is highly infectious D. any disease with a high ID50 Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 8. Which of the following is not a notifiable disease? A. giardiasis B. gonorrhea C. MRSA* D. Zika Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 9. John Snow developed a detailed map (the “ghost map”) to investigate the etiology of which disease? A. anthrax B. botulism C. cholera* D. listeriosis Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 10. Which of the following is not an example of evidence used by John Snow to determine that cholera was being transmitted by water in London in the 1800s? A. a high frequency of cholera cases located near a water pump on Broad Street B. beer workers not contracting cholera because they drank beer rather than water C. microscopic examination of water* D. waste and sewage being dumped into the Thames River Difficulty: Hard ASM Standard: 23 11. Which researcher required that surgeons should use a 5% carbolic acid solution to clean surgical tools as a way to prevent the spread of disease? A. Alexander Fleming B. Robert Koch C. Joseph Lister* D. John Snow Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 14, 23 12. Which type of studies gathers data from past cases to study present-day cases? A. descriptive B. experimental C. perspective D. retrospective* Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 13. You are hired as an epidemiologist for the following study. You wish to determine if potato salad, served at a local farmer’s market a month ago, caused an outbreak of a food-borne illness. You specifically interview individuals who had eaten potato salad and developed the illness, as well as individuals who ate the potato salad and did not develop illness. Based on this description, which type of study was conducted? A. case-control* B. cohort method C. cross-sectional D. experimental Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 14. You wish to determine if a new drug can cure individuals with colds caused by rhinoviruses. You invite 50 individuals to participate in the study. Using a double-blind approach, 25 individuals get a sugar pill and 25 get the test drug. Based on this description, which type of study was conducted? A. case-control B. cohort method C. cross-sectional D. experimental* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 15. Florence Nightingale’s 1958 book included graphs showing that many casualties she observed were due to which of the following? A. helminths contracted on the battlefield B. preventable infectious diseases* C. prions D. wounds sustained in combat action Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 16. How long does rhinovirus survive outside physiological fluids? A. Less than a day* B. Up to 48 hours C. Up to 72 hours D. Up to 1 week Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 17. Mary Mallon, aka Typhoid Mary, was which type of carrier? A. asymptomatic* B. passive C. transient D. zoonotic Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 18. Who traced the typhoid outbreak of 1900–1915 to Mary Mallon? A. Edward Jenner B. Robert Koch C. John Snow D. George Soper* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 19. Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of listeriosis, can pass through the blood- placenta barrier to infect a fetus. This type of transmission to the fetus is known as which of the following? A. droplet B. horizontal direct contact C. indirect contact D. vertical direct contact* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 20. Sexually transmitted diseases between sexually active partners are most commonly transmitted by which method? A. fomites B. horizontal direct contact* C. vehicles D. vertical direct contact Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 21. Which of the following is not a fomite? A. catheter B. nurse* C. scalpel D. syringe Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 22. Tuberculosis is typically transmitted via which of the following? A. air* B. food C. sexual activity D. water Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 23. A fruit fly lands on cow feces and then flies over to a bowl of watermelon being served at a farm picnic. The fruit fly in this example is which of the following? A. biological vector B. fomite C. mechanical vector* D. vehicle Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 24. Infected fleas that have the bacterium Yersinia pestis growing inside them are able to transmit plague. In this case, the infected fleas are best described as which of the following? A. biological vectors* B. fomites C. mechanical vectors D. vehicles Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 25. Which agency monitors notifiable diseases in the United States? A. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* B. Environmental Protection Agency C. Food and Drug Administration D. Homeland Security Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 26. SARS first occurred in , before becoming a(n) disease. Choose the correct pair from the following. A. China, endemic