Chapter 22 Digestive System questions n answers graded A+ 2023

Chapter 22 Digestive SystemPlace the following digestive tract structures in the order they would be encountered by an ingested food molecule: 1. Pharynx 2. Esophagus 3. Stomach 4. Duodenum 5. Jejunum 6. Ileum 7. Cecum 8. Ascending colon 9. Transverse colon 10. Descending colon Match each of the following digestive tract structures with its general function: 1. Oral cavity 2. Duodenum 3. Colon 4. Esophagus 5. Stomach 6. Pharynx 7. Rectum 1. Contains salivary glands 2. Major site of digestion 3. Major site of water absorption 4. Connects pharynx to stomach 5. Beings enzymatic digestion of proteins 6. Connects mouth to esophagus 7. Terminal end of large intestine Match the following accessory organs with their general function: 1. Liver 2. Pancreas 3. Salivary gland 4. Gallbladder 5. Common bile duct 1. Produces bile 2. Digestive enzyme production 3. Begins digestion in the mouth 4. Bile storage 5. Carries bile into small intestine The innermost layer within the digestive tract is the: Mucosa What is the result of damage to the myenteric plexus within the wall of the GI tract? Changes in gastric motility Place the tissue layers of the digestive tract in the order you would encounter them moving from the lumen toward the abdominal cavity: 1. Mucosal epithelium 2. Lamina propria 3. Muscularis mucosa 4. Submucosa 5. Circular layer of smooth muscle 6. Myenteric plexus 7. Longitudinal layer of smooth muscle 8. Serosa Why is the lumenal surface of the digestive tract lined with epithelium? The epithelial layer and the immune presence inside the GI tract protect against microbes that would do us harm. What type of contraction pushes food through the digestive tract? Peristalsis Acid formation in the stomach is a result of: secretion Why are 3 muscles used to close the jaw but only one muscle used to open it? Strength is needed to crush food to begin the digestive process, while opening the jaw is not usually under a load. Arrange the teeth in the order they would be encountered, starting at the midsagittal plane and moving laterally: 1. Incisor 2. Canine 3. Pre-molar 4. Molar A 34-year-old woman called her family doctor late one evening asking for help because she was having severe pain on the right side of her face that started while she was having dinner. She described the pain as a muscle spasm followed by an excruciating, stabbing pain. Her doctor asked if she had any sour candy nearby and she did, so her doctor asked her to put a piece in her mouth while they were talking. In no time, she began to experience intense pain in the same area of her face as before. What structure(s) in her mouth are the cause of the intense pain? Salivary glands * Having my friend put the sour candy in her mouth stimulated the salivary glands to release their enzymes to begin digestion. From my studies in anatomy, I know that the parotid gland lies just anterior to the ear on each side of the face and the ducts empty into the oral cavity. Placing a food item in the mouth stimulated the parotid gland to release its contents. In my friend's case, there was a stone blocking the parotid duct, leading to a backup of saliva. The backup causes the smooth muscle in the parotid duct to constrict more in an attempt to clear the blockage. This intense muscular contraction, along with the stone itself, were causing the pain on the side of her face. Which cranial nerves stimulates saliva production Glossopharyngeal Swallowing is controlled by which of the following: - Trigeminal - Glossopharyngeal - Vagus During which phase of swallowing does food enter the stomach? Esophageal phase Place the following regions of the stomach in the order they would be encountered by a food molecule: 1. Cardiac 2. Fundus 3. Body 4. Pyloric Why is the stomach one of the few places within the digestive tract that has 3 layers of smooth muscle within its wall? The stomach needs to mix (segmentation) as well as push food through the pyloric sphincter (peristalsis). This requires the extra layer of muscle and suggests that less mixing occurs in other parts of the digestive system. Which is produced in the gastric pit? Mucus