Psy 365 Exam 5 Graded A+(100% Verified)

What is the difference between reactive depression and a major depressive disorder? - *Reactive depression*: Situational based depression usually caused by an event or environmental factor -Treatment: time or therapy *Major depressive episode*: No specific reason why it's caused, recurrent Characterized by any of the following over 2 week period: depressed mood, diminished interest, weight loss/gain, insomnia/hypersomnia, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, etc. -Treatment: Medication Review the basic mechanism of action of the antidepressants drugs discussed in class. Which neurotransmitters are affected by each drug? - *MAOI*: Blocks MAO, blocks reuptake of DA, NE, and 5-HT *Tricyclic Antidepressants*: Block reuptake of 5-HT, and NE. Also blocks certain other receptor sites which cause more unwanted side effects than SSRIs *SSRI*: Block reuptake of 5-HT & NE; less side effect than tricyclics. Increase 5-HT level--> coud be dangerous to serotonin syndrome *SNRI*: Slows reuptake of 5-HT & NE; less side effects *Effexor*: Most effective antidepressant on the market Why are MAO-I drugs not used much anymore? - They can cause:-Hypertension -Sleep disturbances -Weight gain -Changes in BP -When interacts with stimulants it can overreact with the sympathetic nervous system. Which two parts of the brain were suggested to be involved in anxiety disorders such as panic attacks and post traumatic stress disorder? - -Amygdala: Plays a major role in fear; over activation can cause anxiety -Hippocampus: Memory formed from the specific situation and the feeling of fear associated -Orbitofrontal cortex: Regulated emotions and coping with anxiety Which neurotransmitter(s) is(are) affected by each of the different antianxiety drugs discussed in class? - *Anxiolytics*: Increase GABA *Barbiturates*: Decrease glutamate function and increase GABA *Benziodiazepines*: Increase functions of GABA; have their own GABA receptor site *Propranolol* (inderal): Beta blockers; blocks norepinephrine receptors *Buspirone* (BuSpar): Stimulate serotonin *Zolpidem* (Ambien): Increase GABA What are some side effects associated with barbiturates? - -Reduces REM sleep -Mental clouding, impairment on judging, slows reflexes -Respiratory depression (high doses)-Reacts with ETOH -Physical dependence -Rebound effect--> can be fatal