2023 Foundations of Mental Health Care 8th Edition Michelle Morrison-Valfre Test-Bank All Chapters (1- 33) |A° ULTIMATE GUIDE

2023 Foundations of Mental Health Care 8th Edition Michelle Morrison-Valfre Test-Bank All Chapters (1- 33) |A° ULTIMATE GUIDE Test Bank -- Foundations of Mental Health Care 8th Edition by MorrisonValfreTest Bank All Chapters Chapter 01: The History of Mental Health Care MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The belief of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato that the rational soul controlled the irrational soulcould be compared with the belief of the more recent psychological theorist: a. Freud. b. Pinel. c. Fisher. d. Rush. ANS: A Sigmund Freud believed that mental illness was, in part, caused by forces both within and outside the personality. Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of mentally ill individuals as human beings in need of medical assistance. Alice Fisher was a Florence Nightingale nurse who cared for the mentally ill, and Dr. Benjamin Rush was the author of the book Diseases of the Mind. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension OBJ: 2 TOP: Early Years of Mental Health KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 2. During the mid-1500s, behaviors associated with mental illness were more accurately recorded by professionals. This practice led to _ for different abnormal behaviors. a. classifications b. diagnosing c. treatment d. education ANS: A Classification of abnormal behaviors did not begin until this time, after the practice of more accurate recording of behaviors was begun. Diagnoses, treatment guidelines, and any education regarding mental health disorders were not available during this period. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 3 TOP: Mental Illness During the Renaissance KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 3. During the latter part of the 18th century, psychiatry became a separate branch of medicine, and inhumane treatment was greatly diminished by the French hospital director: a. Dix. b. Beers. c. Pinel. d. Carter. ANS: C Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of the mentally ill, as well as proper treatment. Dorothea Dix crusaded for construction of mental health hospitals. Clifford Beers wrote the book A Mind That Found Itself. President Jimmy Carter established the President’s Commission on Mental Health in 1978. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 4 TOP: Mental Illness in the 18th Century KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 4. In 1841, surveyed asylums, jails, and almshouses throughout the United States, Canada, and Scotland and is credited with bringing about public awareness and reform for the care of the mentally ill. a. Sigmund Freud b. John Cade c. Florence Nightingale d. Dorothea Dix ANS: D Dorothea Dix spent 20 years surveying facilities that housed mentally ill individuals and is credited with major changes in the care of the mentally ill. Sigmund Freud introduced the concept of psychoanalysis, John Cade discovered lithium carbonate for the treatment of bipolar disorder, and Florence Nightingale trained nurses in England in the 1800s. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 4 TOP: Mental Illness in the 19th Century KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 5. As a direct result of Clifford Beers’ work and book, A Mind That Found Itself, the Committee for Mental Hygiene was formed in 1909 with a focus on prevention of mental illness and: a. early detection of symptoms of mental illness. b. education of caregivers. c. current treatment options. d. removing the stigma attached to mental illness. ANS: D Clifford Beers’ book reflected on his attempt at suicide followed by the deplorable care he received for the next 3 years in mental hospitals. Beers’ work and book raised the consciousness of people throughout the country regarding prevention and removal of the stigma of having a mental illness. Early detection of symptoms, education of caregivers, and current treatment options regarding mental illness were not the focus of his book, nor were they a priority for the Committee for Mental Hygiene. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 4 TOP: Mental Illness in the 20th Century KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 6. During the 1930s, what common treatment for schizophrenia caused clients to fall into a coma that could last as long as 50 hours? a. Electroconvulsive therapy b. Insulin therapy c. Humoral therapy d. Amphetamine therapy ANS: B Insulin therapy was believed to successfully treat schizophrenia in the early 1900s. Amphetamines were used to treat depression, and electroconvulsive therapy was used for severe depression. Humoral therapy, which originated in ancient Greece and Rome, was a belief that mental illness resulted from an imbalance of the humors of air, fire, water, and earth. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 7. In the 1930s, what mental health disorder was electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) most often used to treat? a. Schizophrenia b. Bipolar disorder c. Severe depression d. Violent behavior ANS: C ECT was found to be an effective treatment for severe depression in the 1930s. During this period, schizophrenia was treated with insulin therapy, and violent behavior was treated with a lobotomy. In 1949, lithium carbonate was discovered as a treatment for bipolar disorder. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 8. In the early 20th century, a frontal lobotomy was a common treatment for violent behaviors. Which description of this procedure is accurate? a. A procedure that delivers an electrical stimulus to the frontal lobes of the brain. b. A surgical procedure that drills holes in the front of the skull to drain fluid. c. A surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus. d. A surgical procedure that inserts implants into the frontal lobes of the brain. ANS: C A frontal lobotomy is a surgical procedure in which the frontal lobes of the brain are severed from the thalamus. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 9. In 1937, Congress passed the Hill-Burton Act, which was significant for the treatment of mental health because it funded: a. research on drugs for the treatment of mental health disorders. b. training of mental health professionals. c. construction of psychiatric units in facilities throughout North America. d. development of community mental health clinics. ANS: C The Hill-Burton Act provided money for the construction of psychiatric units in the United States. Research on drugs was not a part of the Hill-Burton Act. Training of mental health professionals was funded by the National Mental Health Act of 1946, and community mental health centers were not instituted until the 1960s. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 | 9 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 10. The National Mental Health Act of 1946 provided a means for funding of programs that promote research on mental health and: a. development of mental health clinics in the community. b. training of mental health professionals. c. treatment for veterans suffering from mental health disorders. d. educating the public about mental illness. ANS: B The National Mental Health Act of 1946 provided much needed training for individuals who cared for patients with mental health disorders. Community mental health clinics were initiated in the 1960s, treatment for veterans was not funded by this act, and education of the public occurred later. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 | 9 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 11. Which of the following best describes the disorder that was first recognized in veterans following the Korean and Vietnam Wars? a. Depression b. Bipolar disorder c. Post-traumatic stress disorder d. Paranoid schizophrenic disorder ANS: C Post-traumatic stress disorder was initially discovered in veterans who had been involved in armed conflicts. The other disorders also occur in veterans but were not first recognized in soldiers who were fighting wars. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 12. The introduction of in the 1950s led to the deinstitutionalization of many mentally ill individuals. a. psychotherapeutic drugs b. community mental health clinics c. residential treatment centers d. state mental health facilities ANS: A Psychotherapeutic drugs allowed for better control of behaviors than did other therapies alone during the 1950s. Patients were being released from state mental health facilities as a result of psychotherapeutic drug therapy. Community mental health clinics and residential treatment centers resulted from the deinstitutionalization of patients. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 6 TOP: Introduction of Psychotherapeutic Drugs KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 13. In 1949, an Australian physician discovered which therapy to be an effective treatment for bipolar (manic-depressive) illness? a. Insulin therapy b. Water/ice therapy c. Lithium carbonate therapy d. Electroconvulsive therapy ANS: C To this day, lithium is a treatment that is used to effectively balance the manic states and depressive states of bipolar disorder. None of the other therapies listed are effective for bipolar disorder. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 6 TOP: Introduction of Psychotherapeutic Drugs KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 14. In the early 1960s, a committee appointed by President John F. Kennedy recommended the development of a new approach to the way mental health care was administered, with an emphasis on the introduction of: a. psychotherapeutic drugs. b. state mental health care systems. c. community mental health centers. d. deinstitutionalization of patients. ANS: C The emergence of community mental health centers was necessary, in part because of the massive deinstitutionalization of patients from state mental health care facilities after the introduction of psychotherapeutic drugs in the 1950s. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 7 TOP: Introduction of Psychotherapeutic Drugs KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 15. The Mental Health Systems Act of 1980 was one of the most progressive mental health bills in the history of the United States, but its enactment was interrupted by the: a. election of a new president. b. appointment of a new Surgeon General. c. rapid expansion of community centers. d. National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) surveys. ANS: A The election of a new president and his administration led to drastic cuts in federal funding for mental health programs. None of the other three choices were a part of the Mental Health Systems Act of 1980. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 9 TOP: Congressional Actions KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 16. The Omnibus Budget Reform Act (OBRA) of 1987 prevented the housing of people with chronic mental illness in: a. nursing homes. b. state mental health facilities. c. residential treatment centers. d. homeless shelters. ANS: A Many mentally ill, especially elderly, people were inappropriately placed in nursing homes with personnel who were not trained to care for these people. OBRA prevented this practice. State mental health facilities, residential treatment centers, and homeless shelters were not addressed in the OBRA of 1987. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 9 TOP: Congressional Actions KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 17. In the late 1980s, government funding for mental health care dwindled, and most insurance companies coverage for psychiatric care. a. withdrew b. increased c. decreased d. added ANS: A Unfortunately, insurance companies followed the trend of the national government to the point of actually dropping coverage for psychiatric care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 9 TOP: Congressional Actions KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 18. In 2006, the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) conducted a comprehensive survey and grading of state mental health care for adults and learned that the overall grade for care was: a. “A.” b. “B.” c. “C.” d. “D.” ANS: D The NAMI gave a grade of “D” to the mental health care system based on poor funding, limited availability of care, and patients’ lack of access to mental health care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 9 TOP: Congressional Actions KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 19. In the early 1900s, the first theory of mental illness that showed behavior could be changed is attributed to: a. Beers. b. Dix. c. Freud. d. Pinel. ANS: C Freud was the first person who succeeded in explaining human behavior in psychological terms and in demonstrating that behavior can be changed under the proper circumstances. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 TOP: Psychoanalysis KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. The humoral theory of disease embraced by Hippocrates required a balance of which elements? (Select all that apply.) a. Fire b. Water c. Light d. Air e. Earth ANS: A, B, D, E Hippocrates viewed mental illness as a result of an imbalance of humors—the fundamental elements of air, fire, water, and earth. Each basic element had a related humor or part in the body. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 2 TOP: Greece and Rome KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 2. Which aspects of adult mental health care systems did the National Alliance on Mental Illness survey focus on? (Select all that apply.) a. Availability of care b. Access to care c. Regulation of medications d. Increased funding ANS: A, B, D In 2006, the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) conducted the “first comprehensive survey and grading of state adult mental health care systems conducted in more than 15 years” (NAMI, 2006). Their results revealed a fragmented system with an overall grade of D. Recommendations focused on increased funding, availability of care, access to care, and greater involvement of consumers and their families. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 9 TOP: 21st Century KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity Chapter 02: Current Mental Health Care Systems Morrison-Valfre: Foundations of Mental Health Care, 8th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Mental health care is available under the universal health care system in Britain, which is funded primarily by: a. employers. b. private donations. c. small businesses. d. tax revenues. ANS: D Tax revenues are the primary funding source for Britain’s universal health care system. All aspects of health care, except for eye care and limited dental care, are covered under the standard benefit package for citizens of Britain. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 1 TOP: Mental Health Care in Britain KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 2. The model views clients holistically with the goal of creating a support system designed to encourage independence in the client with a mental health disorder. a. community support systems b. case management c. multidisciplinary health care team d. client population ANS: A The community support systems (CSS) model works by coordinating social, medical, and psychiatric services. Case management refers to individual management of clients and takes into consideration psychosocial rehabilitation, consults, referrals, therapy, and crisis intervention. A multidisciplinary health care team is made up of all of the professionals who work within a mental health care system, and client population simply refers to individuals who may potentially seek mental health care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 3 TOP: Outpatient Care KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 3. The home mental health nurse visits a female client to assess her ability to care for herself at home after discharge from an inpatient setting. Which component of the case management system does this demonstrate? a. Consultation b. Crisis intervention c. Resource linkage d. Psychosocial rehabilitation ANS: D Psychosocial rehabilitation assists clients in gaining independence in activities of daily living to the best of their individual capabilities. Consultation refers to assistance obtained from specialists, such as a psychiatrist; crisis intervention refers to care provided during a crisis event; and resource linkage indicates referral to community resources. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension OBJ: 5 TOP: Case Management Systems KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 4. A client with a severe, treatment-resistant mental illness has been assigned to an assertive community treatment (ACT) team. An ACT treatment strategy that helps to prevent recurrent hospitalizations for mental health reasons is to meet with the client in the community setting: a. once per week. b. two to four times per week. c. five to six times per week. d. seven to eight times per week. ANS: B The continuous care team that meets with a client two to four times per week has been found to be effective in directing the client’s treatment on a more continuous basis, resulting in greater stability for the client who is living in the community with the help of appropriate systems. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 TOP: Case Management Systems KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 5. Which member of the multidisciplinary mental health care team is primarily responsible for evaluating the family of the client, as well as the environmental and social surroundings of the client, and plays a major role in the admission of new clients? a. Psychiatric nurse b. Clinical psychologist c. Psychiatrist d. Psychiatric social worker ANS: D These are the primary responsibilities of the psychiatric social worker. The psychiatric nurse’s primary responsibilities include assisting with the client’s activities of daily living and managing individual, family, and group psychotherapy. The clinical psychologist is involved in the planning of treatment and diagnostic processes, and the psychiatrist is the leader of the team. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension OBJ: 6 TOP: Multidisciplinary Mental Health Care Team KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 6. It is estimated that approximately million adults in the United States experience some form of mental or emotional disorder. a. 35.5 b. 61.5 c. 28.2 d. 59 ANS: B Although exact statistics are unavailable, it is estimated that at any given time at least 61.5 million adults in the United States suffer from mental-emotional disorders. “Approximately 18.1% of American adults—about 42 million people—live with anxiety disorders” (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2014). DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 7 TOP: Impact of Mental Illness KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 7. A male client with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder is admitted to an inpatient unit during a severe manic episode. As a result of guidelines implemented by the Health Care Financing Administration in 1983, the client’s Medicare will pay for his stay in this unit for: a. the length of time necessary for his condition to be stabilized. b. up to 6 months with appropriate documentation. c. a pre-determined length of time based on the diagnosis. d. 2 to 4 weeks. ANS: C Medicare payment guidelines are based on the diagnosis, which is classified under a diagnosis-related group (DRG), and specify a pre-determined payment for a particular diagnosis. This cost containment strategy has also been adopted by some private insurance companies. After the pre-determined time, the facility is responsible for additional costs incurred by the client’s stay. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension OBJ: 1 TOP: Economic Issues of Mental Illness KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 8. A female client was given the diagnosis of schizophrenia and recently has lost her job. She tells the nurse that she has enough money for only two more house payments, and if she does not find a job, she fears she will become homeless. The nurse knows that this client falls into the group of nearly of U.S. citizens who live below the poverty level. a. 1% b. 6% c. 12% d. 25% ANS: C Approximately 12% of Americans (or 45 million people) live below the poverty level. Living in poverty often precipitates mental disorders, or mental disorders may occur while an individual is living in poverty. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 7 TOP: Social Issues of Mental Illness KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 9. Addiction to recreational drugs, such as crack, cocaine, and heroin, combined with use of psychotherapeutic drugs is associated with: a. permanent psychotic states. b. bipolar disorder. c. generalized anxiety disorder. d. obsessive-compulsive disorder. ANS: A Permanent psychotic states are occurring in mental health clients who combine their psychotherapeutic medications with the abuse of recreational drugs. The combination of these two types of drugs is not commonly associated with bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or obsessive-compulsive disorder. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 7 TOP: Social Issues of Mental Illness KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 10. A 9-year-old girl is given the diagnosis of depression. She has low self-esteem, does not enjoy group therapy, and does not show her emotions. The nurse has had difficulty establishing rapport with this client and decides to ask for assistance from another treatment team member. Which team member would best assist in this situation? a. Psychiatric assistant b. Dietitian c. Occupational therapist d. Expressive therapist ANS: D Expressive therapists work well with children who have difficulty expressing their thoughts and feelings. Expressive therapists use creative methods that appeal to children. The dietitian would not be the best team member to meet the needs of the client at this time. The psychiatric assistant, or technician, assists the nurse with daily activities and in monitoring clients during leisure activities. The occupational therapist works primarily with rehabilitation therapy, such as socialization and vocational retraining. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application OBJ: 6 TOP: Multidisciplinary Mental Health Care Team KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 11. Nearly of all countries in the world have no clear governmental policy that addresses mental health issues. a. 7% b. 26% c. 50% d. 75% ANS: C In addition to nearly half of the countries in the world that have no policy on mental health issues, approximately one-third have no program for coping with the increasing numbers of mental health disabilities. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 1 TOP: Current Mental Health Care Systems KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 12. A woman is admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit after a suicide attempt by overdose. The primary rationale for her admission is to: a. have limited supervision by health care personnel. b. maintain responsibility for her own behavior. c. receive treatment in the least restrictive manner. d. provide her with a safe and secure environment. ANS: D The most important advantage of inpatient psychiatric care is that it provides clients with a safe and secure environment where they can focus on and work with the problems that brought them there. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 2 TOP: Inpatient Care KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 13. A 35-year-old client with a long history of schizophrenia who often forgets to take his medication is admitted to an inpatient unit after police find him threatening passengers on a bus. This is his fourth admission in 3 months. This frequent re-hospitalization is an example of: a. recidivism. b. symptom exacerbation. c. noncompliance. d. rejection. ANS: A Unable to cope in the community setting, people with chronic psychiatric problems often return to institutions or use community services on a revolving-door basis. This behavior pattern is known as recidivism and means a relapse (return) of a symptom, disease, or behavior. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 4 TOP: Outpatient Care KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Which principles characterize mental health care in Canada? (Select all that apply.) a. Portability b. Universality c. Accessibility d. Comprehensiveness e. Private insurance models f. Public administration ANS: A, B, C, D, F Portability refers to retaining services in the event of moving; universality means that everyone in the nation of Canada is covered; accessibility indicates that everyone has access to health care; comprehensiveness means that all necessary treatment is covered; and public administration reveals that the health care system is publicly run and accountable. Private insurance models are the types of insurance provided in the United States. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 1 TOP: Mental Health Care in Canada KEY: Nursing Process Step: Evaluation MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 2. In the United States, which factors determine whether a client requires inpatient rather than outpatient care? (Select all that apply.) a. Severity of the illness b. Level of dysfunction c. Suitability of the setting for treating the problem d. Anticipated diagnosis e. Level of client cooperation f. Ability to pay ANS: A, B, C, E, F These options are the determining factors for inpatient mental health care. If a client meets the criteria, the diagnosis does not matter in the determination of whether the client requires inpatient or outpatient care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension OBJ: 2 TOP: Care Settings KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 3. Which client populations are at greater risk for the development of mental health disorders? (Select all that apply.) a. Homeless b. Clients infected with HIV or AIDS c. Those in crisis d. Nurses e. Clients living in rural areas f. Older adults g. Psychiatrists h. Children ANS: A, B, C, E, F, H These individuals are considered to be at high risk for various reasons. Nurses and psychiatrists are not considered at high risk for developing mental health disorders. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 7 TOP: Client Populations KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 4. The case management for a client requiring community mental health services would include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Advocacy b. Crisis intervention c. Provision of referrals to a shelter d. Administration of psychotropic medications e. Developing a client’s plan of care ANS: A, B, C Case management is a system of interventions designed to support mentally ill clients living in the community. The major components of case management are psychosocial rehabilitation, consultation, resource linkage (referral), advocacy, therapy, and crisis intervention. Administration of medications is performed by an individual, not a system, and clients are involved in planning their care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 TOP: Case Management KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity Chapter 03: Ethical and Legal Issues Morrison-Valfre: Foundations of Mental Health Care, 8th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A male teenage client tells the nurse that his friends like to drink alcohol occasionally to get drunk. The client’s friends see nothing wrong with their drinking habits. The client states that he was taught by his parents and agrees that underage drinking is not acceptable. Also, he has never seen his parents drunk; therefore, he refuses to drink with his friends. Which mode of transmission best describes how this client’s particular value was formed? a. Moralizing b. Modeling c. Reward-punishment d. Laissez-faire ANS: B Modeling best describes how the teenage client developed this value because his parents not only discussed this issue but also behaved in a way for the teen to copy. Moralizing sets standards of right and wrong with no choices allowed; the reward-punishment model rewards valued behavior and punishes undesired behavior; and the laissez-faire model imposes no restriction or direction on choices. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application OBJ: 1 TOP: Acquiring Values KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 2. A female client becomes combative when the nurse attempts to administer routine medications. The nurse would like to ignore the client but chooses to talk with the client to calm her. The nurse is successful in calming the client, and the client takes her medications. What process best describes how the nurse decided on the course of action taken? a. Values clarification b. Nurse’s rights c. Beliefs d. Morals ANS: A Values clarification consists of the steps of choosing, prizing, and acting. This most accurately describes how the nurse made the proper decision. The nurse chose the best action, reaffirmed the choice, and then enacted the choice. The nurse’s rights were not violated, and beliefs and morals do not describe the entire decision-making process that occurred. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application OBJ: 1 TOP: Values Clarification KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 3. Twenty-three states have enacted mental health parity laws. The most accurate description of these laws is that they require insurance companies to: a. include coverage for mental illness. b. include coverage for substance abuse treatment. c. include coverage for mental illness that is equal to coverage for physical illness. d. include coverage for outpatient therapy for individuals with substance abuse. ANS: C The mental health parity laws require insurance companies to include coverage for mental illness that is equal to coverage for physical illness. Only nine states include treatment for substance abuse in their parity laws. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 2 TOP: Client Rights KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 4. The client is feeling very anxious and has requested that a prn. antianxiety medication be ordered. The nurse informs the client that the medication can be administered only every 4 hours and was given 3 hours ago. The nurse promises to give the client the medication as soon as it is due, but the nurse goes to lunch 1 hour later without giving the client the medication. Which ethical principle did the nurse violate? a. Fidelity b. Veracity c. Confidentiality d. Justice ANS: A Fidelity refers to the obligation to keep one’s word. The nurse violated this principle in this situation, which leads to mistrust from the client. Veracity is the duty to tell the truth, confidentiality is the duty of keeping the client’s information private, and justice indicates that all clients must be treated fairly, equally, and respectfully. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application OBJ: 3 TOP: Ethical Principles KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 5. A male client is seeking help in a mental health clinic for anger management problems. He voices that he is fearful that his wife may divorce him because of his anger problem, and he is willing to do “whatever it takes” to control his anger. Later in the week, the client’s wife also seeks assistance because she is going to divorce her husband. The nurse who is caring for both of these clients tries to decide the correct action to take. The nurse is experiencing: a. a moral dilemma. b. value clarification. c. an ethical conflict (or dilemma). d. a breach of confidentiality. ANS: C This is an example of an ethical conflict or ethical dilemma. The nurse wants to help both clients but must maintain confidentiality for each. Use of guidelines for ethical decision-making can assist the nurse in making an ethical decision. A moral dilemma is simply a dilemma associated with making a decision between right and wrong. Value clarification is a process that helps to identify an individual’s values. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application OBJ: 3 TOP: Ethical Conflict KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 6. The psychiatrist asks the nurse to perform a procedure that she is not familiar with, and the nurse is unsure whether this is something within the scope of practice. Where can the nurse find the answer to her question? a. National nurse practice act b. State nurse practice act c. Regional nurse practice act d. Community nurse practice act ANS: B Each state’s board of nursing determines the scope of practice in that state through a series of regulations that are called nurse practice acts. It is the nurse’s responsibility to know his or her scope of practice. The other options do not exist. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension OBJ: 4 TOP: Legal Concepts in Health Care KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 7. Standards of nursing practice for mental health can best be described as helping to ensure: a. that certain clients receive care. b. quality and effectiveness of care. c. proper documentation. d. proper medication administration. ANS: B Most health care disciplines have standards of practice documented as guidelines with measurable criteria that can be used to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of care provided. All clients have the right to receive care, so standards of nursing practice would not address who receives care. Although proper documentation and proper medication administration might be part of the evaluation process, they do not provide complete evaluation of quality and effectiveness of care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension OBJ: 4 TOP: Legal Concepts in Health Care KEY: Nursing Process Step: Evaluation MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 8. If a client is involuntarily committed to a mental health care facility indefinitely, the law requires that the case must be reviewed every: a. 3 months. b. 6 months. c. 12 months. d. 15 months. ANS: C Although the case is being reviewed constantly by the mental health care team, the court must review the indefinite commitment on a yearly basis. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 TOP: Adult Psychiatric Admissions KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 9. A male client is being argumentative during a group therapy session. The psychiatric technician warns the client that if he does not cooperate with the nurse, he will be physically restrained and taken to his room for the remainder of the day. For which action could the technician be held liable? a. Assault b. Battery c. Privacy d. Fraud ANS: A The technician is engaging in assault, which is any act that threatens a client. Battery of a client occurs when any physical act of touching occurs without the client’s permission. Privacy refers to issues related to the body and confidentiality, and fraud is giving false information. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application OBJ: 6 TOP: Areas of Potential Liability KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 10. Which of the following circumstances, when it occurs on an inpatient mental health unit, would be considered false imprisonment? a. An alert and oriented client is confined to his room after being loud and argumentative with another client in the recreation area. b. Restraints are placed on a client who has been admitted in a lethargic state because of misuse of medications and who has fallen three times since admission. c. A client is housed in a private room with visual monitors after attempting suicide at home on the previous day. d. An alert and oriented client who was admitted for a 72-hour involuntary commitment is prevented from leaving the facility 2 days after admission. ANS: A The client cannot be confined to his room if he did not pose a threat to himself or others, or if no contract was made with the client regarding consequences for inappropriate behavior. All of the other options are appropriate because they follow guidelines for client safety. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis OBJ: 6 TOP: Areas of Potential Liability KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 11. The nurse often assists in the process of obtaining informed consent from the client for treatment and/or procedures. Who has the responsibility of providing information to the client so he can give informed consent? a. Social worker b. Nurse c. Physician d. Facility’s legal representative ANS: C The physician is responsible for providing the client with the information necessary to give informed consent, including expectations and risks involved. The nurse can assist by obtaining the written documentation necessary for informed consent. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 8 TOP: Care Providers’ Responsibilities KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 12. An important responsibility of the nurse in a mental health facility is to ensure that clients do not from the facility without a discharge order, by carefully supervising and accurately documenting client behaviors and therapeutic actions. a. escape b. abandon c. flee d. elope ANS: D The appropriate terminology used when a client runs away from a facility without a discharge order is elopement. In the event of elopement, the caregiver can be held liable if a client becomes injured. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 8 TOP: Care Providers’ Responsibilities KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 13. If a female client tells the nurse of extensive plans, she has to harm the girlfriend of her ex-husband, what is the nurse’s best action? a. Try to talk with the client to convince her not to harm the girlfriend. b. Have the client sign a contract with you stating that she will not harm the girlfriend. c. Inform the ex-husband of the intentions of the client. d. Inform the girlfriend of the intentions of the client. ANS: D Health care providers have a duty to warn others when serious harm may occur as the result of actions taken by the client. This does not breach confidentiality because providers have an obligation to protect the public as well as the client. In addition to warning the client, the nurse should inform the client’s physician and the nursing supervisor and must document the situation and actions taken. The other options are not adequate to meet the duty to warn or to prevent harm to the girlfriend. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application OBJ: 8 TOP: Care Providers’ Responsibilities KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 14. The nurse encounters a client crying in her room. Upon talking to the client, it is discovered that she is upset because a new nursing assistant made her go out for a walk with the group even though the client informed her that she waits for her daughter to go for her walk. This is a potential violation of which ethical principle? a. Beneficence b. Autonomy c. Confidentiality d. Nonmaleficence ANS: B Autonomy refers to the right of people to act for themselves and make personal choices. The principle of beneficence refers to actively doing good, and maleficence refers to doing no harm. Confidentiality is not violated in this situation. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application OBJ: 1 TOP: Ethics: Ethical Principles KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 15. A client preparing for discharge from an inpatient unit asks a nurse which psychiatrist she would recommend to use for follow-up as an outpatient. The nurse responds, “There are several good physicians on your list. Make sure you do not use Dr. Smith. I have heard some terrible things about his methods of treatment.” This is an example of which type of potential liability? a. Slander b. Invasion of privacy c. Assault d. Libel ANS: A Slander is verbal defamation, which is false communication, and can result in harm to the psychiatrist’s practice. Libel is written defamation, and assault is threat of bodily harm. Invasion of privacy pertains to confidential information and is not pertinent in this case. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application OBJ: 6 TOP: Areas of Potential Liability KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 16. A client frequently wanders around the unit, and the staff frequently needs to reorient the client to the environment and remind her not to walk into the rooms of other clients on the unit. Due to short staffing, the decision is made to use a restraint device to prevent this from occurring. This action may constitute: a. assault. b. defamation. c. false imprisonment. d. negligence. ANS: C The application of protective devices and restraints may constitute false imprisonment. Restraints must be used only to protect the client, not for staff convenience. All less restrictive measures should first be attempted and documented. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application OBJ: 6 TOP: Areas of Potential Liability KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. If a person is perceived to be a threat to himself or others, who can implement an involuntary commitment to a mental health facility? (Select all that apply.) a. Family members b. Police c. Physicians d. Social workers e. Representatives of a county administrator ANS: B, C, E Police, physicians, and representatives of a county administrator are the only individuals who can implement an involuntary admission to a mental health facility. An involuntary admission can last from days to years, depending on the need. A court order is necessary for extended involuntary admissions. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 TOP: Adult Psychiatric Admissions KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment 2. For a nurse or health care provider to be found negligent, what requirements must the provider’s misconduct meet? (Select all that apply.) a. The provider owed a duty to the client. b. The provider breached a duty to the client. c. The provider had intent to harm the client. d. The provider caused injury to the client by action or inaction. e. The provider caused loss or damage through his or her actions. ANS: A, B, D, E These four criteria must be present for an act of a health care provider to be considered negligent. Intent to harm would be considered a criminal action rather than an action of negligence. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension OBJ: 7 TOP: Areas of Potential Liability KEY: Nursing Process Step: Evaluation MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment Chapter 04: Sociocultural Issues Morrison-Valfre: Foundations of Mental Health Care, 8th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. An older Asian female with a diagnosis of depression is cared for by her granddaughter. Her granddaughter is very attentive to the client’s needs, attends every therapy session, and is active in the planning and implementing of the treatment plan. The granddaughter’s valuing of her grandmother is most likely due to her: a. ethnicity. b. cultural beliefs. c. religion. d. stereotype. ANS: B Cultural beliefs develop over many generations and are a learned set of values, beliefs, and behaviors. Asian cultures commonly value their elderly family members. Ethnicity and religion do not explain the granddaughter’s behavior in that ethnicity describes customs and socialization patterns, and religion refers to an organized form of worship. Stereotyping is a preconceived belief about another cultural group, so it does not apply to this situation. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application OBJ: 1 TOP: Characteristics of Culture KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 2. Disease is defined as: a. social dysfunction. b. emotional dysfunction. c. physical dysfunction. d. intellectual dysfunction. ANS: C Disease differs from illness in that disease is an abnormal physical function, whereas illness refers to social, emotional, and intellectual dysfunction. Illness is affected by culture, but disease is not. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 4 TOP: Health and Illness Beliefs KEY: Nursing Process Step: Evaluation MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 3. The nurse is caring for a 20-year-old woman from Puerto Rico. The client speaks English, but she is accompanied by her mother, who does not. The client has a history of mental illness, and through the interpreter, the nurse learns that the mother, who has traditional Puerto Rican cultural beliefs, believes that the client’s mental illness is caused by: a. witchcraft. b. stress. c. chemical iDE Test Bank -- Foundations of Mental Health Care 8th Edition by MorrisonValfreTest Bank All Chapters Chapter 01: The History of Mental Health Care MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The belief of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato that the rational soul controlled the irrational soulcould be compared with the belief of the more recent psychological theorist: a. Freud. b. Pinel. c. Fisher. d. Rush. ANS: A Sigmund Freud believed that mental illness was, in part, caused by forces both within and outside the personality. Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of mentally ill individuals as human beings in need of medical assistance. Alice Fisher was a Florence Nightingale nurse who cared for the mentally ill, and Dr. Benjamin Rush was the author of the book Diseases of the Mind. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension OBJ: 2 TOP: Early Years of Mental Health KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 2. During the mid-1500s, behaviors associated with mental illness were more accurately recorded by professionals. This practice led to _ for different abnormal behaviors. a. classifications b. diagnosing c. treatment d. education ANS: A Classification of abnormal behaviors did not begin until this time, after the practice of more accurate recording of behaviors was begun. Diagnoses, treatment guidelines, and any education regarding mental health disorders were not available during this period. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 3 TOP: Mental Illness During the Renaissance KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 3. During the latter part of the 18th century, psychiatry became a separate branch of medicine, and inhumane treatment was greatly diminished by the French hospital director: a. Dix. b. Beers. c. Pinel. d. Carter. ANS: C Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of the mentally ill, as well as proper treatment. Dorothea Dix crusaded for construction of mental health hospitals. Clifford Beers wrote the book A Mind That Found Itself. President Jimmy Carter established the President’s Commission on Mental Health in 1978. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 4 TOP: Mental Illness in the 18th Century KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 4. In 1841, surveyed asylums, jails, and almshouses throughout the United States, Canada, and Scotland and is credited with bringing about public awareness and reform for the care of the mentally ill. a. Sigmund Freud b. John Cade c. Florence Nightingale d. Dorothea Dix ANS: D Dorothea Dix spent 20 years surveying facilities that housed mentally ill individuals and is credited with major changes in the care of the mentally ill. Sigmund Freud introduced the concept of psychoanalysis, John Cade discovered lithium carbonate for the treatment of bipolar disorder, and Florence Nightingale trained nurses in England in the 1800s. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 4 TOP: Mental Illness in the 19th Century KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 5. As a direct result of Clifford Beers’ work and book, A Mind That Found Itself, the Committee for Mental Hygiene was formed in 1909 with a focus on prevention of mental illness and: a. early detection of symptoms of mental illness. b. education of caregivers. c. current treatment options. d. removing the stigma attached to mental illness. ANS: D Clifford Beers’ book reflected on his attempt at suicide followed by the deplorable care he received for the next 3 years in mental hospitals. Beers’ work and book raised the consciousness of people throughout the country regarding prevention and removal of the stigma of having a mental illness. Early detection of symptoms, education of caregivers, and current treatment options regarding mental illness were not the focus of his book, nor were they a priority for the Committee for Mental Hygiene. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 4 TOP: Mental Illness in the 20th Century KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 6. During the 1930s, what common treatment for schizophrenia caused clients to fall into a coma that could last as long as 50 hours? a. Electroconvulsive therapy b. Insulin therapy c. Humoral therapy d. Amphetamine therapy ANS: B Insulin therapy was believed to successfully treat schizophrenia in the early 1900s. Amphetamines were used to treat depression, and electroconvulsive therapy was used for severe depression. Humoral therapy, which originated in ancient Greece and Rome, was a belief that mental illness resulted from an imbalance of the humors of air, fire, water, and earth. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 7. In the 1930s, what mental health disorder was electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) most often used to treat? a. Schizophrenia b. Bipolar disorder c. Severe depression d. Violent behavior ANS: C ECT was found to be an effective treatment for severe depression in the 1930s. During this period, schizophrenia was treated with insulin therapy, and violent behavior was treated with a lobotomy. In 1949, lithium carbonate was discovered as a treatment for bipolar disorder. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 8. In the early 20th century, a frontal lobotomy was a common treatment for violent behaviors. Which description of this procedure is accurate? a. A procedure that delivers an electrical stimulus to the frontal lobes of the brain. b. A surgical procedure that drills holes in the front of the skull to drain fluid. c. A surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus. d. A surgical procedure that inserts implants into the frontal lobes of the brain. ANS: C A frontal lobotomy is a surgical procedure in which the frontal lobes of the brain are severed from the thalamus. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 9. In 1937, Congress passed the Hill-Burton Act, which was significant for the treatment of mental health because it funded: a. research on drugs for the treatment of mental health disorders. b. training of mental health professionals. c. construction of psychiatric units in facilities throughout North America. d. development of community mental health clinics. ANS: C The Hill-Burton Act provided money for the construction of psychiatric units in the United States. Research on drugs was not a part of the Hill-Burton Act. Training of mental health professionals was funded by the National Mental Health Act of 1946, and community mental health centers were not instituted until the 1960s. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 | 9 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 10. The National Mental Health Act of 1946 provided a means for funding of programs that promote research on mental health and: a. development of mental health clinics in the community. b. training of mental health professionals. c. treatment for veterans suffering from mental health disorders. d. educating the public about mental illness. ANS: B The National Mental Health Act of 1946 provided much needed training for individuals who cared for patients with mental health disorders. Community mental health clinics were initiated in the 1960s, treatment for veterans was not funded by this act, and education of the public occurred later. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 | 9 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 11. Which of the following best describes the disorder that was first recognized in veterans following the Korean and Vietnam Wars? a. Depression b. Bipolar disorder c. Post-traumatic stress disorder d. Paranoid schizophrenic disorder ANS: C Post-traumatic stress disorder was initially discovered in veterans who had been involved in armed conflicts. The other disorders also occur in veterans but were not first recognized in soldiers who were fighting wars. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 12. The introduction of in the 1950s led to the deinstitutionalization of many mentally ill individuals. a. psychotherapeutic drugs b. community mental health clinics c. residential treatment centers d. state mental health facilities ANS: A Psychotherapeutic drugs allowed for better control of behaviors than did other therapies alone during the 1950s. Patients were being released from state mental health facilities as a result of psychotherapeutic drug therapy. Community mental health clinics and residential treatment centers resulted from the deinstitutionalization of patients. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 6 TOP: Introduction of Psychotherapeutic Drugs KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 13. In 1949, an Australian physician discovered which therapy to be an effective treatment for bipolar (manic-depressive) illness? a. Insulin therapy b. Water/ice therapy c. Lithium carbonate therapy d. Electroconvulsive therapy ANS: C To this day, lithium is a treatment that is used to effectively balance the manic states and depressive states of bipolar disorder. None of the other therapies listed are effective for bipolar disorder. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 6 TOP: Introduction of Psychotherapeutic Drugs KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 14. In the early 1960s, a committee appointed by President John F. Kennedy recommended the development of a new approach to the way mental health care was administered, with an emphasis on the introduction of: a. psychotherapeutic drugs. b. state mental health care systems. c. community mental health centers. d. deinstitutionalization of patients. ANS: C The emergence of community mental health centers was necessary, in part because of the massive deinstitutionalization of patients from state mental health care facilities after the introduction of psychotherapeutic drugs in the 1950s. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 7 TOP: Introduction of Psychotherapeutic Drugs KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 15. The Mental Health Systems Act of 1980 was one of the most progressive mental health bills in the history of the United States, but its enactment was interrupted by the: a. election of a new president. b. appointment of a new Surgeon General. c. rapid expansion of community centers. d. National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) surveys. ANS: A The election of a new president and his administration led to drastic cuts in federal funding for mental health programs. None of the other three choices were a part of the Mental Health Systems Act of 1980. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 9 TOP: Congressional Actions KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 16. The Omnibus Budget Reform Act (OBRA) of 1987 prevented the housing of people with chronic mental illness in: a. nursing homes. b. state mental health facilities. c. residential treatment centers. d. homeless shelters. ANS: A Many mentally ill, especially elderly, people were inappropriately placed in nursing homes with personnel who were not trained to care for these people. OBRA prevented this practice. State mental health facilities, residential treatment centers, and homeless shelters were not addressed in the OBRA of 1987. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 9 TOP: Congressional Actions KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 17. In the late 1980s, government funding for mental health care dwindled, and most insurance companies coverage for psychiatric care. a. withdrew b. increased c. decreased d. added ANS: A Unfortunately, insurance companies followed the trend of the national government to the point of actually dropping coverage for psychiatric care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 9 TOP: Congressional Actions KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 18. In 2006, the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) conducted a comprehensive survey and grading of state mental health care for adults and learned that the overall grade for care was: a. “A.” b. “B.” c. “C.” d. “D.” ANS: D The NAMI gave a grade of “D” to the mental health care system based on poor funding, limited availability of care, and patients’ lack of access to mental health care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 9 TOP: Congressional Actions KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 19. In the early 1900s, the first theory of mental illness that showed behavior could be changed is attributed to: a. Beers. b. Dix. c. Freud. d. Pinel. ANS: C Freud was the first person who succeeded in explaining human behavior in psychological terms and in demonstrating that behavior can be changed under the proper circumstances. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 5 TOP: Psychoanalysis KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. The humoral theory of disease embraced by Hippocrates required a balance of which elements? (Select all that apply.) a. Fire b. Water c. Light d. Air e. Earth ANS: A, B, D, E Hippocrates viewed mental illness as a result of an imbalance of humors—the fundamental elements of air, fire, water, and earth. Each basic element had a related humor or part in the body. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 2 TOP: Greece and Rome KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 2. Which aspects of adult mental health care systems did the National Alliance on Mental Illness survey focus on? (Select all that apply.) a. Availability of care b. Access to care c. Regulation of medications d. Increased funding ANS: A, B, D In 2006, the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) conducted the “first comprehensive survey and grading of state adult mental health care systems conducted in more than 15 years” (NAMI, 2006). Their results revealed a fragmented system with an overall grade of D. Recommendations focused on increased funding, availability of care, access to care, and greater involvement of consumers and their families. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 9 TOP: 21st Century KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity Chapter 02: Current Mental Health Care Systems Morrison-Valfre: Foundations of Mental Health Care, 8th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Mental health care is available under the universal health care system in Britain, which is funded primarily by: a. employers. b. private donations. c. small businesses. d. tax revenues. ANS: D Tax revenues are the primary funding source for Britain’s universal health care system. All aspects of health care, except for eye care and limited dental care, are covered under the standard benefit package for citizens of Britain. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 1 TOP: Mental Health Care in Britain KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 2. The model views clients holistically with the goal of creating a support system designed to encourage independence in the client with a mental health disorder. a. community support systems b. case management c. multidisciplinary health care team d. client population ANS: A The community support systems (CSS) model works by coordinating social, medical, and psychiatric services. Case management refers to individual management of clients and takes into consideration psychosocial rehabilitation, consults, referrals, therapy, and crisis intervention. A multidisciplinary health care team is made up of all of the professionals who work within a mental health care system, and client population simply refers to individuals who may potentially seek mental health care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge OBJ: 3 TOP: Outpatient Care KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 3. The home mental health nurse visits a female client to assess her ability to care for herself at home after discharge from an inpatient setting. Which component of the case management system does this demonstrate? a. Consultation b. Crisis intervention c. Resource linkage d. Psychosocial rehabilitation ANS: D Psychosocial rehabilitation assists clients in gaining independence in activities of daily living to the best of their individual capabilities. Consultation refers to assistance obtained from specialists, such as a psychiatrist; crisis intervention refers to care provided during a crisis event; and resource linkage indicates referral to community resources. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension OBJ: 5 TOP: Case Management Systems KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 4. A client with a severe, treatment-resistant mental illness has been assigned to an assertive community treatment (ACT) team. An ACT treatment strategy that helps to prevent recurrent hospitalizations for mental health reasons is to meet with the client in the community setting: a. once per week. b. two to four times per week. c. five to six times per week. d. seven to eight times per week. ANS: B The continuous care team that meets with a client two to four times per week has been found to be effective in directing the client’s treatment on a more continuous basis, resulting in greater stability for the cl