Chapter 20: Development and Evolutionary Change

BIOL :1411 Test File Review Questions Life: The Science of Biology, Ninth Edition Chapter 20: Development and Evolutionary Change TEST FILE QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following statements about the gene eyeless is true? a. It encodes a transcription factor. b. It is found in Drosophila. c. Pax6 is the equivalent gene in mice. d. All of the above e. None of the above Answer: d Textbook Reference: 20.0 The eyes have it Page: 426 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 2. Flies have eyes, while mammals have eyes. a. cameralike; compound b. cameralike; binocular c. compound; cameralike d. compound; heterochronic e. simple; compound Answer: c Textbook Reference: 20.0 The eyes have it Page: 426 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 3. Which of the following conclusions emerged from the studies performed by Walter Gehring and his colleagues on Drosophila eyes? a. The DNA sequence of the Pax6 gene of mice and the eyeless gene of flies is similar. b. The Pax6 gene of mice can substitute for the eyeless gene in the process of eye development in flies. c. Fly eyes look like mammalian eyes. d. Both a and b e. Both b and c Answer: d Textbook Reference: 20.0 The eyes have it Page: 426 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 4. Which of the following techniques or tools was instrumental in the studies performed by Gehring and his colleagues demonstrating that eyeless is a transcription factor involved in eye development? a. Comparison of DNA sequences by means of a database search b. Recombinant DNA constructs c. The genetic toolkit d. DNA chip technology e. Hormone treatments Answer: b Textbook Reference: 20.0 The eyes have it Page: 426 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 5. Which of the following is not a general principle of evo-devo? a. Most animals share similar molecular mechanisms underlying development. b. Different developmental processes usually operate independently from one another. c. Changes in the timing of expression of particular genes often play a major role in morphological modifications that occur throughout evolution. d. Changes in the location of expression of particular genes often play a major role in morphological modifications that occur throughout evolution. e. All of the above are true; none is false. Answer: e Textbook Reference: 20.1 What Is Evo-Devo? Page: 427 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 6. A mutation that affects the length of wing in a fly, but has little or no effect elsewhere in the body, would be explained by the phenomenon of a. heterochrony. b. homeosis. c. pleiotropy. d. developmental plasticity. e. modularity. Answer: e Textbook Reference: 20.1 What Is Evo-Devo? Page: 427 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 7. In studies of gene expression, which of the following would be the least likely observation? a. Expression of a gene important in developmental processes varies with temperature. b. One insect species has a pair of wings that its relatives lack; these evolved as the result of a radically different developmental process. c. A species of fish is much larger than its relatives because of the much earlier expression of a gene that affects bone growth. d. The amino acid sequence of a Hox gene protein is extremely similar in nematodes and humans. e. The expression pattern of a gene important in development is more restricted in its spatial result in one rodent species than in all others; this leads to that species having a narrower face. Answer: b Textbook Reference: 20.1 What Is Evo-Devo? Page: 427 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 8. Which of the following statements about Hox genes is false? a. They are part of the so-called genetic toolkit. b. There are expressed in similar patterns in the embryos of both mice and flies. c. They are arranged in similar clusters of genes in both mice and flies. d. Because of their important functional roles, they evolve rapidly in both mammals and flies. e. All of the above are true; none is false. Answer: d Textbook Reference: 20.1 What Is Evo-Devo? Page: 428 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 9. The Pax6 gene in mammals and the eyeless gene in flies are both genes. a. heterochronic b. developmentally plastic c. homologous d. diapause e. modular Answer: c Textbook Reference: 20.1 What Is Evo-Devo? Page: 428 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 10. If you know that a Hox gene, AbdB, is expressed in the most posterior part of the abdomen in a Drosophila embryo, which of the following conclusions about a homologous gene in humans would most likely be correct? a. There is no homologous gene to abdB in humans, because the evolutionary distance between humans and flies is so great. b. The homologous gene to abdB exists in humans, but it is expressed only in adults, not in human embryos. c. The homologous gene to abdB exists and is expressed in the head of human embryos. d. The homologous gene to abdB exists and is expressed throughout the human embryo in roughly equal amounts. e. The homologous gene to abdB exists and is expressed near the tail of the human embryo. Answer: e Textbook Reference: 20.1 What Is Evo-Devo? Page: 428 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 11. Which of the following statements is true? a. Embryos are made up of modules. b. Adults are made up of modules. c. Many developmental genes exert their effects on only a single module. d. All of above e. None of the above Answer: d Textbook Reference: 20.2 How Can Mutations with Large Effects Change Only One Part of the Body? Page: 429 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 12. Which of the following statements is false? a. Homologous genes encoding similar transcription factors are expressed in similar patterns along the anterior–posterior axes of both mammals and insects. b. The full-sized wing in Drosophila is normally produced on just the third thoracic segment. c. Deletions of the Ubx gene in Drosophila convert the third thoracic segment into the second thoracic segment. d. Ubx is a Hox gene. e. All of the above are true; none is false. Answer: b Textbook Reference: 20.2 How Can Mutations with Large Effects Change Only One Part of the Body? Page: 429 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 13. The thoracic segment of Drosophila bears small hindwings that aid in . a. first; balance b. first; sense c. second; sense d. second; mating e. third; balance Answer: e Textbook Reference: 20.2 How Can Mutations with Large Effects Change Only One Part of the Body? Page: 429 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 14. Which of the following would be the most likely event if Ubx were expressed in the second thoracic segment in Drosophila? a. The fly would develop a new set of forewings on the second segment. b. The fly would develop a larger set of forewings on the second segment. c. The fly would develop a set of halteres on the second segment. d. The fly would develop eyes on the second segment. e. Nothing would happen because wings do not develop from the second segment. Answer: c Textbook Reference: 20.2 How Can Mutations with Large Effects Change Only One Part of the Body? Page: 429 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 15. Ubx expression forewing development and hindwing development. a. promotes; promotes b. promotes; inhibits c. has no effect on; promotes d. inhibits; promotes e. inhibits; inhibits Answer: d Textbook Reference: 20.2 How Can Mutations with Large Effects Change Only One Part of the Body? Page: 429 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 16. The process by which the relative timing of different developmental processes is altered is called a. modularity. b. homeosis. c. developmental plasticity. d. heterochrony. e. homeostasis. Answer: d Textbook Reference: 20.2 How Can Mutations with Large Effects Change Only One Part of the Body? Page: 430 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 17. Which of the following is an example of heterochrony? a. A gene whose expression causes legs to form b. A gene whose expression inhibits the formation of legs c. A gene whose expression causes one segment to start growing sooner than it would in the absence of that gene d. A gene whose expression affects more than one module e. None of the above Answer: c Textbook Reference: 20.2 How Can Mutations with Large Effects Change Only One Part of the Body? Page: 430 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 18. Which of the following is responsible for the webbed feet of ducks? a. The loss of a developmental gene b. The gain of a developmental gene c. An altered temporal expression pattern of a developmental gene d. An altered spatial expression pattern of a developmental gene e. Developmental plasticity Answer: b Textbook Reference: 20.2 How Can Mutations with Large Effects Change Only One Part of the Body? Page: 430 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 19. Which of the following accounts for the giraffe’s long neck? a. Developmental plasticity b. Modularity c. Heterochrony d. Apoptosis e. Stretching Answer: c Textbook Reference: 20.2 How Can Mutations with Large Effects Change Only One Part of the Body? Page: 430 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 20. Which of the following best describes the relationship between modularity and heterochrony? a. Heterochrony allows for modularity. b. Heterochrony inhibits the evolution of modularity. c. Modularity permits evolutionary changes that involve heterochrony. d. Modularity inhibits evolutionary changes that involve heterochrony. e. Modularity has no effect on the likelihood of evolution via heterochrony. Answer: c Textbook Reference: 20.2 How Can Mutations with Large Effects Change Only One Part of the Body? Page: 430 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 21. Webbing in ducks occurs because the protein is expressed in the webbing cells. This protein prevents the protein from signaling for apoptosis. a. BMP4; Gremlin b. BMP4; eyeless c. BMP4; Ultrabithorax d. Gremlin; eyeless e. Gremlin; BMP4 Answer: e Textbook Reference: 20.2 How Can Mutations with Large Effects Change Only One Part of the Body? Page: 430 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 22. In which of the following ways do insects and centipedes differ? a. Insects form legs on the thoracic segments, whereas centipedes do not. b. Centipedes form legs on the thoracic segments, whereas insects do not. c. Centipedes form legs on the abdominal segments, whereas insects do not. d. Both a and c e. None of the above Answer: c Textbook Reference: 20.3 How Can Differences among Species Evolve? Page: 432 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering