New York State EMT Exam Prep Questions with Correct Answers

First Stage of Labor - the first stage of labor occurs from the onset of the onset of the true labor contractions until dilation and effacement of the uterus. 2nd stage of labor - the hallmark finding in the second stage of labor is the complete delivery of the baby 3rd stage of labor - the third stage of labor occurs when the placenta is delivered. ligaments connect - bone to bone tendons connect - bone to muscle start triage 1st step - start triage begins by asking patients to get up and walk to a collection point START Triage 2nd step - respirations are assessed start triage 3rd step - if the patient is not breathing, the airway is opened. start triage 4th step - Pulse is then assessed start triage 5th step - Check mental status rule of 9's- Child: back - child's back represents 18% of his body surface area Rule of 9's:Child: Both Legs (Front & Back) - the front and back of both legs each represent 7% Rule of 9's:Child:Torso (Front & Back) - child's anterior and posterior torso would represent 36% Primary blast stage - also known as the pressure wave, damages hollow, gas containing organs of the body such as lungs, GI system, inner ears and sinuses. secondary blast stage - the secondary phase causes blunt and penetration injuries from flying debris. tertiary blast stage - tertiary phase are injuries sustained from the patient being thrown back and impacted something like wall or ground. A 71- year-old female has fallen and complains of left hip pain. on the examination you note her left foot is rotated laterally. This finding most likely indicates to: - femur fracture. "5 rights" of medication administration - 1. right patient 2. right drug 3. right route 4. right dose 5. right time. If you are responsible for establishing the landing zone for the helicopter, what is the minimum size of the LZ you should prepare assuming the rescue efforts are occurring at night? - the minimum size of the landing zone at night is 100' by 100'. During daylight the minimum LZ is 60'by60'. in either situation the LZ should be square, with a marker indicating the direction of wind travel. Which of the following is a sign of Cushing's triad (Cushing's reflex) that occurs with a traumatic brain injury? - The vital signs are an increased blood pressure, slowing pulse rate, and irregular respirations (classically seen as Cheyne Stokes). Classes of hemorrhage - Class I and II: blood pressure remains acceptable. Class IV: the blood pressure drops dangerously low. Class III: is said to occur when the patient has lost 30-40% of their circulating blood volume. This is a significant bleed due to the fact that the body's compensatory mechanisms are maximized, and any additional blood loss will now create significant disturbances in hemodynamic stability. APGAR score - a scale of 1-10 to evaluate a newborn infant's physical status at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. Appearance: 0=blue/pale; 1=blue & pink; 2= no cyanosis- all pink. Pulse rate: 0= absent; 1=100; 2=100. Reflex: 0=no response to stimuli; 1=grimace; 2=cry or pull away. Activity: 0=none; 1=some flexion, 2= flexed arms/legs resisting extension. Respiratory: 0=absent; 1= weak/irregular; 2= strong/ lusty cry. Organs in upper right quadrant of abs - the liver is found primarily within the boundaries of the upper right quadrant. organs in upper left quadrant of abs - the stomach and spleen are typically found in the upper left quadrant. Bladder location - the bladder is found on the midline between the lower two quadrants. Communication "reflection" - reflection is a technique where you paraphrase the patient's words to encourage more information and build trust. minimum safe residual pressure in oxygen tank is? - the minimum safe residual pressure in an oxygen tank is 200 psi. Nasal cannula oxygen flow rate - 1-6 L/min Nasal cannula oxygen concentration - 24-44% NRB flow rate - 12-15 NRB oxygen delivered - 90%-100% Venturi mask oxygen delivery - 24, 28, 35, 40 percent BVM flow rate and oxygen delivery - 15 L/min and nearly 100% Cheyne Stokes- respirations - shows irregular respirations followed by a period of apnea. Ataxic respirations - irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern. ICP (intracranial pressure) signs/ symptoms. - decreased pulse (bradycardia), increase B/P (hypertension, irregular respirations. ICP defined - accumulations of blood within the skull or swelling of the brain. Triad of signs ( Cushing's reflex) are: (usually seen in ICP) - 1. increased systolic B/P 2. decreased pulse rate. 3. irregular respirations. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) components: - eye opening, verbal response, motor response. GCS (eye opening) ratings: - spontaneous- 4, verbal response- 3, response to pain- 2, none-1 ` GCS (verbal response) ratings: - 1. oriented conversation-5 2. confused conversation- 4 3. inappropriate words- 3 4. incomprehensible sounds- 2 5. none-1 GCS (best motor response): - 1. obeys commands- 6 2. localizes pain- 5 3. withdraws pain- 4 4. abnormal flexion-3 5. abnormal extension-2 6. none-1 GCS scores total ratings: - 13-15: mild dysfunction; 15 is considered a person with no neurological disabilities. An oxygen tank which holds 350 liters. - D cylinder (portable) D tank- PSI - 2000 psi Severe allergic reaction signs: - urticaria, bronchosphasm, swelling of lips order of assessing a patient after scene size up - 1. initial assessment 2. focused assessment 3. complete assessment 4. ongoing assessment ethics - philosophy of right and wrong, of moral duties. CQI - circular system of continuous internal and external reviews and audits of all aspects of an EMS system. General Adaptation Syndrome (stress) - 1. alarm response 2. reaction and resistance. 3. recovery or exhaustion. fight or flight response - the physiological response involves the interaction of the endocrine and nervous system